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Question 1

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

To break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed into the body.

Question 2

Which organ is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption?

Answer 2

The small intestine.

Question 3

True or False: The stomach is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients.

Answer 3

False.

Question 4

What is the role of saliva in digestion?

Answer 4

To begin the breakdown of carbohydrates and lubricate food for swallowing.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach.

Answer 5

esophagus.

Question 6

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for water absorption?

Answer 6

The large intestine.

Question 7

What enzyme in the stomach helps digest proteins?

Answer 7

Pepsin.

Question 8

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of the digestive system? A) Liver B) Kidney C) Pancreas D) Gallbladder

Answer 8

B) Kidney.

Question 9

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 9

To store and concentrate bile produced by the liver.

Question 10

True or False: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

What is the primary function of the liver in digestion?

Answer 11

To produce bile and process nutrients from the digestive tract.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the first part of the small intestine.

Answer 12

duodenum.

Question 13

What are villi?

Answer 13

Small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

Question 14

Multiple Choice: Which process involves the movement of food through the digestive tract? A) Absorption B) Digestion C) Peristalsis D) Secretion

Answer 14

C) Peristalsis.

Question 15

What is the role of the sphincters in the digestive system?

Answer 15

To control the passage of food and prevent backflow.

Question 16

True or False: The rectum is the last part of the small intestine.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

What is chyme?

Answer 17

A semi-liquid mixture of food and digestive juices in the stomach.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with gastric juices.

Answer 18

stomach.

Question 19

Which vitamin is produced by bacteria in the large intestine?

Answer 19

Vitamin K.

Question 20

Multiple Choice: Which of the following organs is primarily responsible for detoxification? A) Stomach B) Liver C) Pancreas D) Gallbladder

Answer 20

B) Liver.

Question 21

What is the function of gastric acid?

Answer 21

To aid in the digestion of food and kill harmful bacteria.

Question 22

True or False: The small intestine is shorter than the large intestine.

Answer 22

False.

Question 23

What is the primary role of the colon?

Answer 23

To absorb water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the final section of the large intestine.

Answer 24

rectum.

Question 25

What is the main purpose of fiber in the diet?

Answer 25

To promote regular bowel movements and support digestive health.

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing? A) Epiglottis B) Uvula C) Pharynx D) Larynx

Answer 26

A) Epiglottis.

Question 27

What is the role of digestive enzymes?

Answer 27

To break down food into smaller molecules for absorption.

Question 28

True or False: The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The __________ secretes bile to aid in fat digestion.

Answer 29

liver.

Question 30

What is the function of the mucosa in the digestive tract?

Answer 30

To protect the digestive tract and assist in absorption.

Question 31

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is the correct order of the digestive tract? A) Mouth, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine B) Mouth, Small Intestine, Stomach, Large Intestine C) Stomach, Mouth, Large Intestine, Small Intestine

Answer 31

A) Mouth, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine.

Question 32

What role does the appendix play in digestion?

Answer 32

It is thought to play a role in gut flora maintenance, but its exact function is unclear.

Question 33

True or False: The esophagus has a significant role in nutrient absorption.

Answer 33

False.

Question 34

What is the primary component of bile?

Answer 34

Bile salts.

Question 35

Direction for the reading of the parent strand by DNA Polymerase; Direction for the synthesizing of the daughter strand

Answer 35

Reads: 3' to 5' Synthesized: 5' to 3'

Question 36

True or false: DNA replication in humans is semiconservative:

Answer 36

true

Question 37

Steps of DNA replication and enzymes involved (9)

Answer 37

1) Unwinding of DNA double helix: Helicase 2) Stabilization of unwound template strands: Single-stranded binding protein 3) Synthesis of RNA primers: Primase 4) Synthesis of DNA: DNA polymerase 3 or (DNA polymerase a,δ,ε 5) Removal of RNA primers: DNA polymerase 1 or (RNase H) 6) Replacement of RNA with DNA: DNA polymerase 1 or (DNA polymerase delta) 7) Removal of positive supercoils ahead of advancing replication forks: DNA topoisomerase 8) Synthesis of telomeres: Telomerase

Question 38

Where are telomeres located and composed of?

Answer 38

Telomeres are located at the very tips of the chromosome and consist of repetitive sequences with a high G-C content.

Question 39

Define gene

Answer 39

A unit of DNA that encodes a specific protein or RNA molecule, and through transcription and translation, that gene can be expressed.

Question 40

DNA coding strand is ----- to the MRNA; except what?

Answer 40

DNA coding strand is identical to the mRNA (except for T for U)

Question 41

DNA template strand is ---- and ----- to the mRNA

Answer 41

DNA template strand is complementary nad antiparallel to the mRNA