Bio

Question 1

Achromatopsia

Answer 1

partial or complete colorblindness due to little or no function of the cone cells or damage to the occipitotemporal area

Question 2

Agnosia

Answer 2

inability to recognize familiar objects or sounds

Question 3

Akathisia

Answer 3

inability to sit or stand still; uncomfortable sense of restlessness

Question 4

Akinesia

Answer 4

complete or almost complete loss of movement

Question 5

Anomia

Answer 5

type of aphasia involving an inability to recall the names of objects

Question 6

Anosognosia

Answer 6

failure to recognize one’s own neurological symptoms

Question 7

Aphasia

Answer 7

disturbance in previously acquired language skills

Question 8

Apraxia

Answer 8

inability to carry out purposeful movements despite normal muscle power and control

Question 9

Asomatognosia

Answer 9

inability to recognize parts of one’s own body

Question 10

Ataxia

Answer 10

incoordination, clumsiness, lack of balance

Question 11

Athetosis

Answer 11

slow writhing involuntary movements

Question 12

Bradykinesia

Answer 12

slowness of movement

Question 13

Chorea

Answer 13

irregular, involuntary, rapid jerky movements, usually in the face, limbs, and trunk

Question 14

Dyskinesia

Answer 14

abnormal muscle movement including twitchy, jerky, and writhing movements (chorea, tics, tremors)

Question 15

Dysprosody

Answer 15

disturbance in the stress, pitch, and rhythm of speech

Question 16

Parkinsonism

Answer 16

masklike face, hand tremor, increasing rigidity, slowed voluntary movement

Question 17

Paresthesia

Answer 17

altered sensation in the skin that causes numbness or tingling

Question 18

Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 18

repetitive oral and facial grimaces, tongue movements, spasms of the neck and head, jerky movements of the limbs and trunk

Question 19

Computed Tomography (CT)

Answer 19

Utilizes X-rays to obtain images of horizontal slices of the brain and is used to diagnose tumors, blood clots, multiple sclerosis, and other conditions. (Test of structure)

Question 20

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 20

Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce cross-sectional images of the brain. It provides clearer images than a CT scan. (structural)

Question 21

Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 21

The individual is injected with a radioactive tracer that is taken up by active brain cells. Provide information on regional cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and oxygen consumption, which are presumed to correlate with level of neural activity. (fxal)

Question 22

Left (Dominant) Hemisphere

Answer 22

Controls written and spoken language; verbal memory; logical, rational thought; and positive emotions.

Question 23

Right (Nondominant) Hemisphere

Answer 23

Responsible for visual-spatial skills; creative, intuitive thought; nonverbal memory; and negative emotions.

Question 24

Cushing’s disease

Answer 24

obesity, impaired concentration and memory

Question 25

Addison’s disease

Answer 25

muscle weakness, decreased appetite, weight loss, everything low

Question 26

Parkinson’s

Answer 26

Bradykinesia/akinesia Dystonia (rigid, contractions) ------------------------------------ Basal ganglia Substantia nigra ------------------------------------ Low dopamine Low GABA, high glutamate ------------------------------------ L-DOPA

Question 27

Huntington’s

Answer 27

Hyperkinesia, chorea (jerking) Dystonia (rigid, contractions) ------------------------------------ Basal ganglia ------------------------------------ High dopamine Low GABA, high glutamate ------------------------------------ tetrabenazine/Xenazine

Question 28

Schziophrenia

Answer 28

Basal ganglia Prefrontal cortex ------------------------------------ High dopamine Low glutamate ------------------------------------ Antipsychotics

Question 29

Alzheimer's

Answer 29

Hippocampus ------------------------------------ Low acetylcholine (acetylcholine- essential for proper muscle function, memory, and autonomic nervous system activity) ------------------------------------ Cholinesterase inhibitors (Aricept, Exelon, Razadyne)

Question 30

Gerstmann’s syndrome

Answer 30

agraphia, acalculia, right-left disorientation, finger agnosia 🡪 left parietal

Question 31

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 31

thiamine deficiency from alcoholism, both amnesias, confabulation 🡪 mamillary bodies

Question 32

Hypnagogic hallucinations

Answer 32

wakefulness 🡪 sleep

Question 33

Hypnopompic hallucinations

Answer 33

sleep 🡪 wakefulness

Question 34

SNRI med names

Answer 34

venlafaxine/Effexor duloxetine/Cymbalta desvenlafaxine/Pristiq

Question 35

SSRI sx and med names

Answer 35

Better, but…Serotonin syndrome (changes in mental status)- combining w/ MAOI or TCA -------------------------------- fluoxetine/Prozac paroxetine/Paxil sertraline/Zoloft citalopram/Celexa fluvoxamine/Luvox escitalopram/Lexapro

Question 36

TCA sx and med names

Answer 36

anticholinergic effects- dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness, tachycardia ------------------- Heart, toxic in overdose imipramine/Trofranil clomipramine/Anafranil amitriptyline/Elavil, Endep doxepin/Adapin, Sinequan pramine = TCAs + amitriptyline

Question 37

MAO sx and med names

Answer 37

Hypertensive crisis- when combined with tyramine ------------------------------------ phenelzine/Nardil tranylcypromine/Parnate isocaraboxazid/Marplan selegiline/Ensam Patch

Question 38

Huntington's

Answer 38

is characterized by involuntary movements (chorea) and cognitive decline- genetic disorder caused by a single mutated gene (autosomal dominant genetic disorder)

Question 39

Parkinson's

Answer 39

tremors, rigidity, and slow movement. is primarily caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.

Question 40

alloplastic

Answer 40

reactions to stress involve trying to change external environment or blaming external environment

Question 41

autoplastic

Answer 41

reactios to stress involving trying to change onself or blaming oneself

Question 42

heinz-- father of ego psychology--

Answer 42

people arent only driven by passion but thinking. "conflict-free sphere" for those ego fx occuring and developing outside of conflicts including fx of perception, learning, memory, and locomotion.

Question 43

object relations theory

Answer 43

relations of the infant to another person helps clients differentiate a clear sense of self and form balances, realistic attitudes towards others therapist active role (klien, winnicot, mahler)

Question 44

kohut

Answer 44

self - psychology, healthy narcism

Question 45

mahler

Answer 45

processes of separation and individation

Question 46

adler

Answer 46

motivated by social (aggressive) rather than sexual urges looks for mistaken goals and faculty assumptions, focus on encouraging client bc they belief that are suffering from demoralization and discouragement pragmatic, problem solving approach STEP (systematic training in effective parenting)

Question 47

jung

Answer 47

collective unconscious bx determined by future rather than past therapist task to focus on symbolic meaning of dreams, myths and folklore. focuses session rather than free association see transference as a projection of the personal and or collective unconscious

Question 48

rogers

Answer 48

pathology results of incongruences between the self (true feelings) and experience (ability to be aware of these feelings and express to others) therapy expands awareness and liking of themselves does not offer direct suggestions or interpreatations but gives empathatic space (warmth and geniuness)

Question 49

perls (gestalt)

Answer 49

reowning parts that have been disowned- enhance person capactive to communicate or make contract with self and others empty chair, here and now introjection- ppl take in info as a whole- results in problems with being overly compliant/gulliable projection- project feeligns onto others (parania) retroflecion turn back onto self what they would like to do to others deflection- (distance self from their feelings with humor, generalizatiosn, asking questions rather than statements) confluence- lack awareness of differentiation bt self and others in attempt to avoid conflict

Question 50

glasser- reality therapy

Answer 50

responsibility (therapy components see consequences of actions, humor, paradox, skillful questioning juenille deliquents etc

Question 51

minuchin- structural family therapy

Answer 51

hiearchy of power, clarity and firness of boundaries, and sig alliances and spilts (subsystems) boundary problems- disengaged (too rigid), enmeshed (too diffuse) triangulation, detouring, stable coalition therapist "joins" family to understand dynamics by adopting style, then focuses on shifting members positions to disrupt. patterns

Question 52

haley- strategic family therapy

Answer 52

resolve presenting prob only

Question 53

milan systemic family thearpy

Answer 53

circular questions +prescription of rituals

Question 54

bowen- family systems

Answer 54

differenitation, emotional triangle,genogram family dsyfx a single organisms and the identitifed pt is part of the orngaim through which overt sx are expressed