BIO Flashcards
(52 cards)
1
Q
Nucleic acid =
A
The macromolecule that holds our genetic material
2
Q
A
3
Q
Nucleotide =
A
The monomer of nucleic acids
4
Q
A
5
Q
Chromosome =
A
Tightly coiled strand of DNA that contains genes
6
Q
A
7
Q
Gene =
A
A section of DNA (and thus of a chromosome) that has instructions to code for a protein
8
Q
A
9
Q
A
10
Q
A
11
Q
Protein synthesis =
A
The process of reading the instructions in DNA to make a polypeptide
12
Q
A
13
Q
Polypeptide =
A
A chain of amino acids that can bind to other polypeptides and fold into a protein
14
Q
A
15
Q
Transcription =
A
16
Q
A chain of amino acids that can bind to other polypeptides and fold into a protein
A
17
Q
Genetic code =
A
18
Q
Code of instructions for how to make proteins
A
19
Q
Codon =
A
20
Q
A set of 3 nucleotides on mRNA
A
21
Q
A
22
Q
2
A
23
Q
A
24
Q
Anticodon =
A
25
Complementary 3 nucleotides on tRNA
26
Amino acid =
27
The monomer of proteins
linked together with peptide bonds to form a polypeptide
28
Translation =
29
The process of interpreting the message on mRNA into a polypeptide to make a protein
30
Epigenetics =
31
The study of changes in gene expression that are heritable
32
3
33
34
Diploid =
35
2 full sets of chromosomes (2n); 1 set from mom
1 set from dad
36
Haploid =
37
1 full set of chromosomes (n); 1 set that is a combination of chromosomes from mom and dad
38
Karyotype =
39
Diagram that shows the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in a cell
40
Meiosis =
41
The process of cell division that makes gametes in the gonads for sexual reproduction
42
Sexual reproduction =
43
The fusing of genetic information (gametes) from two parents to produce offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents
44
4
45
46
Fertilization =
47
The actual fusion of egg and sperm to form a zygote
48
Homologous chromosomes =
49
Chromosome pairs that have the same types of genes (1 from mom and 1 from dad)
50
Sister chromatids =
51
2 identical copies of the same chromosome
52
5
