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Bio 224 Dextur > Bio 224 digestive > Flashcards

Bio 224 digestive Flashcards

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1
Q

Digestive system overall meaning

A

Take nutrients from external environment and get into body
- Includes fluids, electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis producing hormones and excreting metabolic wastes

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2
Q

Ingestion

A

Getting things into digestive system

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3
Q

Secretion

A

mucus, enzyme, acid and hormones to aid other digestive processes
( Walls of digestive squirting things out)

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4
Q

Propulsion

A

Rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle of alimentary canal ALSO KNOWN AS PERISTALSIS

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5
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

digestive organs physically break food down into smaller pieces

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6
Q

Chemical digestion

A

break chemicals bonds within food particles until only small molecules remian

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7
Q

Absorption

A

move nutrients from outside the body to inside of the body ( Lumen to blood)

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8
Q

excretion

A

pooping

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9
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

between 2 peritoneal layers and contains SEROUS FLUID ( where most organs are)

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10
Q

Intreaperitoneal

A

organs located entirely within peritoneal cavity

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11
Q

RETROPERITONEAL

A

space that holds organs with seran wrap

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12
Q

Mesenteries

A

(its own organ)
Visceral peritoneum fold over

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13
Q

Superior mesenteric

A

supplies small intestine and proximal 2/3 colon

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13
Q

Greater omentum

A

Unique among mesenteries in that it consisits of four layers of folded viseral peritoneum and extends form base of stomach down into pelvis

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13
Q

Lesser omentum

A

smaller mesentery that extends from medial surface of stomach to liver

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14
Q

Celiac trunk

A

Supplies the stomach, accessory organs and spleen

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15
Q

Inferior mesenteric

A

supplies the distal 1/3 of colon, drain into hepatic portal vein to liver for processing

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16
Q

Enteric nervous system innvertaion

A

celiac plexus, superior mesenteric pelxus, inferior mesenteric plexus

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17
Q

Motility of alementary canal

A

swallow, churn, peristalsis, defecation

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18
Q

Skeletal muscle to help

A

mouth, pharynx, superior 1/3 of esophagus and anus

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19
Q

smooth muscle

A

everything else

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20
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

self contained branch of autonomic nervous system
- extends from esophagus to anus and are SHORT REFLEXES

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21
Q

mucosa

A

contract to secrete mucus and other enzyme ( Lines wall os simple cubodial epithelium)

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22
Q

Alimentary canal layers

A

Mucosa, submucosa,muscularis externa, serosa

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23
Oral cavity
ingestion, secretion, chem and mech. digestion and propulsion
24
Tounge
muscular organ - receptor for taste and moves food around
25
Salivary glands
Accesory organ - Acinar cells - Serous cells - Mucous cell
26
Serous cell
secrete water based fluid with amylase to breakdown carbs -IgA - Bicarb
27
Mucous cell
secrete mucus
28
Salivary glands functions
salivation - Facial nevre innervates submandibular and sublingual glands - Glossopharyngeal nerve innervates parotid glands
29
Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsilis function
preform defensive function and protect alimentary canal from any pathogens
30
MALT
Mucosal associated lymphatic tissue
31
Esophagus actions
Propulsion and little secretion
32
Esophagus superior third
Skeletal muscle a
33
Esophagus middle third
mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle
34
Esophagus inferior third
smooth muscle
35
Upper esophageal sphincter
controls passage of bolus into esophagus
36
Gastroesopageal sphincter ( cardiac sphincter)
Prevents contents of stomach from re-entering esophagus
37
Muscularis externa
outer longitudinal middle circular inner oblique
38
Gastric glands ( chem digestion)
at base of gatsic pits and significant protein digestion
39
mucosa neck cell
secrete acidic muscus and prevents acid produced by parietal cells
40
Paretal cells
secrete HYDROCLORIC ACID - activates pesinogen
41
Intrinsic factor
required for intestinal absoprtion of VITAMIN B12
42
Chief cells
secrte PEPSINOGEN - when pepsinogen encounters acidic pH and becomes pepsin
43
G cells
DNES CELLS SECRETE GASTRIN
44
CEPHALIC PHASE
sight, smell, taste gastric, DNES cells Higher gastrin, histamine, Lower somatostatin AL RELEASE HIGH HYDROGEN
45
Gastric phase
food entering stomach gastric, DNES CELLS high gastrin, histamine ---> pos. feedback lower somatostatin ALL RELEASE HIGH HYDROGEN
46
Receptive
RESTING STATE - Stomach vloume of only 50 ml( 0.2 cups) but can expand to 1500 ml (6 cups) -Relaxation of smooth muscle
47
Churning
- Smooth muscle produce waves of peristalsis - peristaltic waves' constant at about 3 per minute -
48
Stimulates gastric motility
enteroendocrine cells of stomach produce hormo SEROTONIN
49
emptying
- duodenum must mix incoming chyme before it moves to small intestine - bicarbonate ions to avoid damaging intestinal musocsa
50
Cholesystikinin
triggers gallbladder to secrete bile
51
Chyme is acidic and duodenum must mix with _______ to avoid intestinal mucosa
Bicarbonate ions
52
Chyme is generally very _____ and must be diluted with water from _______ to prevent chyme from drawing water into internal lumen by osmosis
concentrated; pancreatic juice
53
small intestine
secretion,chemical digestion, ABSORPTION ( MAIN FUNCTION) and propulsion ( duodenum, jujunum, ileum)
53
Chruing process
1. SM contracts and propels small amount of chyme through pyloric sphincter 2. stomach peristaltic waves chrun remaing chyme 3. remaining chyme is again propelled towards the pyloric sphincter
54
how long is the SI
6 meters or 20 ft long ( longest portion of alimentary canal)
55
Duodenum Major duodenal papilla:
Shortest of 3 ;Where secretions from gallbladder and pancreas enter SI
56
Duodenal (Brunners) gland
Produce alkaine mucus and protect duodenum from acidic chyme
57
Jejunum
Middle about 7.5-8 ft most acive site for CHEMICAL and ABSORPTION
58
Ileum
final segment 10.8 ft or 3.6 m
59
Cecum
terminates at portion of large intestine
60
Ileocecal valve
prevents backflow
61
Vili
each villus consisits of layer of enterocyte surroduing central core of blood capillaries and lymph vessel called LACTEAL
62
Microvilli
increases surface area
63
intestinal crypts
house glands
64
vagus nerve regulates both
peristalsis and segmentation
65
Peristalsis
longitudinal muscle ( moves in and flows down)
66
segmentation
circular muscle ( moves in and turns)
67
Stomach hormones
Gastrin ; partially digested protiens stimulation from vagus nerve
68
Intestinal hormo
Cholecystokinin ) cck) - digested protiens and lipids in chyme entering the duodenum
69
Large intestine
5 ft long - receive material from SI that was not digested and passeway for feces absorption, secretion, propulsion
70
There are about __ times more bacteria in large intetsine than cell in human bdy; bacteria make up as much as ___ of dry feces
10; 60%
71
LI produce vitamins, LI metabolize undigested materials
Vitamin K ( Blood clotting) for absorption and deter growth of harmful bacteria and they stimi immune system
72
pooping
1. receptor transmit sensation of rectal distention to spinal cord 2. parasympathetic neurons cause SM and others to relax 3. impulses from cortex tigger relaxation of external anal sphincter and allow pooping
73
pharynx
propulsion
73
oral function
ingestion mech digestion propuslion secretion
74
esophagus
propulsion, limited secretion
75
stomach
propulsion chem digetsion mech digestion secretion limited absorption
76
SI
chem digestion, mech digestion absorption, secretion propuslion
77
LI
absorption propulsion limited secretion defecation
78
Liver digestive function
produce bile salt and is amphiphilic - Helps excrete wastes that kidney cannot excrete
79
LI convert it to _____ the into ___ and is responsible for the brown color in feces
urobilinogen; stercobilin
80
Carbohydrates
salivary amylase---> salivary galnds ----> polysaccharides-----> oligosacchardies----> monosaccharides
81
Water
9L enter SI every day , 2 L ingeted and 7 L secreted
82
Water souble vitamin
polar molecules ( c and B)
83
Fat soluble vitamins
lipid based and mostly nonpolar ( A, D,E and K)

Bio 224 Dextur (12 decks)

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