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Bio 224 Dextur > bio 224 respiratory > Flashcards

bio 224 respiratory Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Conducting zone

A

Achieve homeostatic level
-Filtration
- Warmth
- moisturize

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2
Q

Respiratory zone

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

Respiration basic funtions

A

Pulmonary ventilation , pulmonary gas exchange, gas trans. and tissue gass exchange

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2
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

movement of air in and out

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3
Q

Pulmonary gas exchange

A

movement of gases between lung and blood

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4
Q

Gas transport

A

movemnet of gases through blood

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5
Q

tissue gas exchange

A

movement of gases between blood and tissues

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6
Q

Bronchioles

A

smallest airway and simple cubodial epithelium

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7
Q

Known the flow

A

nares
nasal cavity
nasopharynx
oropharynx
larynogopharynx
larynx
trachea
primary bronchi
secondary brocnhi
tertiary bronchi
mulptiple brnaches of bronchi
broncholes
terminal bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs

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8
Q

Type 1 alveolar cells

A

simple squamous
90% of lung cells

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9
Q

Type 2 alveolar cells

A

simple cubodial cells
synthesis of SURFACTANT to reduce surface tension

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10
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A

mobile phagocytes
- clean up and digest debries

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11
Q

pleurae outer to inner

A

Parietal pleura, pleural cavity and visceral pleura

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12
Q

Inspiration and experation

A

Bring air in and bring air out

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13
Q

Boyles law

A

PRESSURE AND VOLUME ARE INVERSLY PROPORTIONATE

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14
Q

The three pressure gradients

A

Atmospheric pressure
intrapulmonary pressure
Intreapleural pressure

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15
Q

Atmospheric

A

Pull of gravity on air around us creates atmospheric pressure. Always stays at 760 mm Hg

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16
Q

Intrapulmonary

A

equalizes with atmospheric pressure between breathes

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17
Q

Intrapleural

A

pressure found within pleural cavity
does NOT equalize with atmosperic pressure and normally LESS THAN INTRAPULMONARY PRESSURE

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18
Q

between breaths

A

atmospheric; 760
intrapulmonary ; 760
intrapleural; 756

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19
Q

inspiration

A

atmospheric; 760
intrapulmonary ; 758
intrapleural;754

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20
Q

between inspiration and expiration

A

atmospheric; 760
intrapulmonary ; 760
intrapleural; 754

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21
Q

expiration

A

atmospheric; 760
intrapulmonary ; 762
intrapleural; 758

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22
Q

What can go wrong if intrapleural pressure increase to a level at or above atmospheric pressure

A

LUNGS IMMEDATELY COLLAPSE

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23
BREATHING uses largley
the diaphram
24
sigh
func; reopens local groups of collapsed alveoli and stimi surfactant
25
sneeze
clears foreign or irritating substances from the nasal cavity
25
yawn
open collapsed alveoli when tired- during sleep; minimize alveolar collapse after sleep - open alveoli that have collapsed during sleep 100 miles per hour
26
cough
clears the larynx, trachea and lower airways 500 miles per hour
27
Physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation
resistance surface tension compliance
28
resistance
prevent force diameter controlled by smooth muscle
29
relaxation
bronchodilation
30
contraction
bronchoconstriction
31
Surface tension
gas-water boundary ( water molecules form hydrogen bonds) Water is greatest when alveolu are smallest siameter during expiration
32
Surfactant
Hydrophobic leaks into H2O and prevents hydrogen bonds shut
33
Compliance
Ability of lungs and chest wall to strech determined by 3 factors - degree of alveolar surface tension - distensibility of elastic tissue - ability of the chest wall to move
34
Degree of alveolar surface tension
surfactant counteracts this collapsing force INCREASES compliance
35
Distensibility of elastic tissue
gives lungs the ability to strech during inflation INCREASES compliance
36
Tidal vloume
inhale and exhale at rest 2500-3000
36
Ability of chest wall to move
or strech during inspiration INSCREASE compliance
37
Expiratory reserve volume
blowing candles 1500-2500 ml
38
residual volume
0-1500ml air that always stays in lungs
39
Inspiratory reserve volume
3000-6000 ml how much volume it fills after tidal volume
40
Inspiratory capaciy
2500-6000
41
funcational residual capacity
2500-0 ml
42
vital capacity
all air that goes in and out 1500-6000 ml
43
Alveolar ventilation rate
volume of air that reaches alveoli
43
Pulmonary gas exchange
exchange of gases between alveoli and blood
44
tissue gas exchange
exchange gases between blood in systemic capillaries and body cells
45
gas behavior
factor that affects gas exchange and pressure that gas exerts and its solubility in water are imporatnt for driving pulmoary and tissue
46
Daltons law
each gas mixture exerts its own pressure ( Partial pressure) total pressure of gas mixture is the sum of partial pressure of all it component gases
46
henrys law
gass dissloves in liquid is PROPORTIONAL to both partial pressure and solubility in liquid
47
nitrogen
high partial pressure in air and little nitrigen in blood plasma becasue soubility in water is VERY LOW
48
Oxygen
LOWER partial pressure in air than nitrogen and more soluble in water than nitrogen
49
Carbon dioxide
lowest partiel pressur eof gasses
50
Factors affecting efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange
surface area of repiratory membrane, thickness of respiratory membrane and ventilation perfusin matching
51
Systemic circuit
into tissue cell is higher systemic capillary and 40 mm HG tissue cell Out is 40 mm hg sysemic and 45 tissue cell
52
Factors affecting efficiency of tissue gas exhnage
1. surface area available for gas exchange 2. distance over which diffusion must occur 3. perfusion of tissue
53
What can go wrong
hypoxemia ( low blood oxy level) hypercapnia ( high blood carbon dioxide leve)
54
ONLY ___ OF INSPIRAED OXYGEN IS ______ DUE TO POOR SOLUBILITY
1.5%; dissolved in blood plasma
55
Majority of oxy is transported in blood plasma by
hemoglobin
56
Loading
oxygen from alveoli binds to Hb in pulmoanry capillaries converts DEOXYHEMOGOBIN T OXYHEMOGLOBIN
57
Unloading
Hb in systemic capilaries release OXYGEN to cells of tissues
58
Increased blood P02
loading
59
decreased p02
umloading
59
Carbon dioxide
1-10% total CO2 is transported dissolved in blood plasma
60
Carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system
one of the PRIAMRY SYSTEMS IN BODY pH pf blood changes veyr little from normal 7.35-7.45
61
When pH decrease is becomes more
acidic
62
When pH increases
becomes more basic
63
Respiratory alkalosis
if hyperventilation higher than 7.45 Hypocapnia ; results in increase in blood pH
64
Respiratory acidosis
if hypoventilation, lower than 7.35 hypercapnia; causes blood pH to decrease
64
Dyspnea
feeling shortness of breath
65
Eupnea
normal breathing
66
restrictive lung disease
decrease pulmonary compliance and reuce effectivness of inspiration by increasing alveolar surface tension
66
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
due to heavy smoking, working at cole mines an highly polluted area
67
Neuromuscualr diseases and chest wall deformites
Stiff chest wall, not purley lung disease Could be a potenial consequence is pulmonary dysfunction
67
Pneumocoiosis
arise from inhaltion of inorganic dust particles inflamtion followed by fibrosis candles, incences, vapping
68
Obstructive lung disease
increase airwya resistance; decreases efficiency of expiration
69
Asthma
hyperresponsive to variety of tiggers Bronchoconstrion: inflamtion of airwyas and increased productio of thick mucus
70
Chronic bronchitis
excessive mucus in airways that must be cleared by coughing
71
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease persistent airway obstrucion that is NOT fully reversible

Bio 224 Dextur (12 decks)

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