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BIO Lab (Jaime and Travis) > BIO 242 Chapter 28 > Flashcards

BIO 242 Chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

This eukaryote supergroup contains diplomonadida, parabasalids, and euglenozoans.

A

Excavata

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2
Q

This eukaryote supergroup has been proposed due to DNA similarity and the common ancestor engulfed a single-celled red alga through endosymbiosis. (Includes dinoflagellates and apicomplexans)

A

Stramenopila, Alveolata, Rhizaria (SAR)

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3
Q

This eukaryote supergroup is proposed due to DNA evidence descended from a common ancestor that engulfed a cyanobacterium. Includes rhodophyta, chlorophyta.

A

Archaeplastida

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4
Q

This eukaryote supergroup contains animals and fungi and have mitochondria. Includes opisthokonts and amoebozoans.

A

Unikonta

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5
Q

Contrast prokaryote and eukaryote cell size.

A

Pro - small (.1 - 10 microns)

Euk - large (10 - 100 microns)

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6
Q

Contrast prokaryote and eukaryote DNA and chromosomes.

A

Pro - no histones, simple and circular, in nucleoid region.

Euk - histones, linear DNA on several chromosomes, in nucleus region within nuclear envelope.

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7
Q

Contrast prokaryote and eukaryote metabolism

A

Pro - no mitochondria or chloroplasts, done in cytoplasm

Euk - Occurs in mito and chloroplasts

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8
Q

Contrast prokaryote and eukaryote intracellular movement.

A

Pro - none

Euk - mitotic movement of chromosomes and via cytoskeleton

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9
Q

Contrast prokaryote and eukaryote flagella, cilia, cell walls

A

Pro - no ‘9 pairs plus 2’ pattern of microtubules, cell wall of disaccharide polymers

Euk - ‘9 pair + 2’ pattern of microtubules, no cell wall dissacharide polymer

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10
Q

This eukaryotic life cycle is observed in some algae and fungi. It results from the fusion of two haploid gametes in mitosis.

A

Zigotic life cycle

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11
Q

This eukaryotic life cycle is observed in humans and all other animals. It results from haploid gametes that fuse together.

A

Gametic life cycle

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12
Q

This eukaryotic life cycle happens in multicellular plants and show a regular alternation of generations, where there is a multicellular haploid adult stage that alternates with a multicellular diploid adult stage (sporophyte).

A

Sporic life cycle

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13
Q

The process where multiple fission is preceded by the fusion of gametes, seen in some apicomplexans.

A

Sporogony

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14
Q

When protists form gametes that are all alike and the same size.

A

Isogamy

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15
Q

When protists form gametes that are of two different sizes.

A

Anisogamy

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16
Q

How protists move.

A

Flagella (9+2 microtubules) and cilia

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17
Q

What pseudopodia thickens into a gel state that contains no organelles at the leading end to move.

A

Ectoplasm

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18
Q

The more soluble part that flows toward the end of pseudopodia to convert to ectoplasm for locomotion.

A

Endoplasm

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19
Q

These species use light energy.

A

Phototrophs

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20
Q

These species require at least one organic nutrient as a carbon source.

A

Heterotroph

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21
Q

Protists that consume whole organisms.

A

Holozoic (phagotrophs)

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22
Q

Protists that feed on food in fluid form.

A

Saprozoic (osmotrophs)

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23
Q

The distinct site where food vacuoles form in ciliates and flagellates.

A

Cytostome

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24
Q

Cell anus where waste vacuoles attach and materials are expelled by exocytosis.

A

Cytoproct

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25
Ciliates can discharge these at potential predators or use these to capture food.
Trichocysts
26
Some freshwater species use these along with ATP to get rid of excess water.
Contractile vacuoles
27
When multiple fission forms many daughter cells are formed.
Schizogony
28
Amoebozoans use these large lobe-shaped structures for movement.
Pseudopodia
29
These few protists combine photsynthesis with heterotrophic modes of nutrition.
Mixotrophs
30
A ciliate has a large _____ for day-to-day activity of the cell and one or more _____ for sexual reproduction.
macronuclei, micronuclei
31
These are heterotrophic, animal-like protists (ciliates, flagellates).
Protozoa
32
These are photsynthetic, plant-like protists (red and green algae)
Algae
33
Many protists form these to survive the bad times in an environment to leave the host and be exposed to the outer environment.
Cysts
34
This supergroup includes Amoebozoans, opisthokonts (animals and fungi), plasmodial and cellular slime molds.
Unikonta
35
These unikonts have a single posterior flagellum in their motile cells.
Opisthokonts
36
These unikonts use large lobe-shaped pseudopodia for movement.
Amoebazoans
37
These mycetozoa undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis, thus growing on each other.
Plasmodial slime molds
38
Name and super group for red algae
Rhodophyta (Archaeplastida)
39
Name and super group for green algae.
Chlorophyta (Archaeplastida)
40
This super group includes: dinoflagellates (outer cellulose plates), apicomplexans (malaria), ciliates, diatoms (silicon dioxide walls), golden algae (chrysophyta), brown algae (kelps), water molds, and rhizaria.
SAR
41
This SAR member has silicon dioxide in its cell walls.
Diatoms
42
This SAR Rhizaria have outer shells of calcium carbonate.
Foraminiferans
43
This SAR Rhizaria has an internal skeleton made of silica (glass).
Radiolarians
44
This SAR member has one smooth flagellum and one hairy flagellum.
Stramenopila
45
This super group includes diplomonadida (giardia lamblia), Parabasalids (trichomonas vaginalis), and Euglenozoans.
Excavata
46
This Excavata member causes Trypanosoma (sleeping sickness).
Euglenozoans
47
This Excavata member has mitosomes and some cause dysentery. They can be on the surface of the large intestine and steal food from you.
Diplomonadida
48
This Excavata member have hydrogenosomes and include Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted parasite in humans.
Parabasalids
49
What are unicellular eukaryotes that are the most diverse and among the most elaborate eukaryotes?
Protists
50
What's the advantage of conjugation in ciliates?
It increases genetic variability.
51
Haploid gametes fuse -> diploid zygote -> zygote mitosis to produce multicellular adult. ONLY life cycle stage that is haploid is the single celled gamete.
Gametic life cycle
52
Haploid gametes fuse -> diploid zygote -> zygote meiosis creating haploid spores -> spores undergo mitosis to develop haploid multicellular adult organism -> some of these haploid cells till later develop into gametes by mitosis. ONLY diploid cell is the zygote itself.
Zygotic life cycle
53
In this life cycle, gametes and spores can be haploid or diploid. Plants show an alternation of generations between the gametophyte (haploid adult) and the sporophyte (diploid adult).
Sporic life cycle
54
What super group? Rhodophyta
Archaeaplastida
55
What super group? Animals and fungi
Unikonta (ospithokonts)
56
What super group? Amoebazoans
Unikonta
57
What super group? Plants
Archaeaplastida
58
What super group? Chlorophyta
Archaeaplastida
59
What super group? Water molds
SAR (stramenopila)
60
What super group? Slime molds
Unikonta (amoebazoans)
61
What super group? Golden algae
SAR (stramenopila)
62
What super group? Brown algae (Kelps)
SAR (stramenopila)
63
What super group? Dinoflagellates (red tides)
SAR (alveolata)
64
What super group? Ciliates
SAR (alveolata)
65
What super group? Apicomplexicans (malaria)
SAR (alveolata)
66
What super group? Diatoms (silicon dioxide)
SAR (stramenopila)
67
What super group? Foraminiferans (calcium carbonate shell)
SAR (rhizaria)
68
What super group? Radiolarians (internal silica/glass)
SAR (rhizaria)
69
What super group? Diplimonadia (dysentery/intestines)
Excavata
70
What super group? Guardia Lamblia
Excavata (Diplimonadia)
71
What super group? Parabasalids
Excavata
72
What super group? Trichomonas vaginalis
Excavata (parabasalids)
73
What super group? Euglenozoans
Excavata
74
What super group? Tryponosoma (sleeping sickness)
Excavata (euglenozoans)

BIO Lab (Jaime and Travis) (23 decks)

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