BIO 255.24 Chapter 16 (1)

Question 1

What is the study of human anatomy?

Answer 1

The study of the structure of the human body

Question 2

What is the study of human physiology?

Answer 2

The study of the functions and processes of the human body

Question 3

True or false: All sensory signals go to the brain/brainstem to produce a specific reaction.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Name the five types of receptors classified by stimulus modality.

Answer 4

• Thermoreceptors
• Photoreceptors
• Nociceptors
• Chemoreceptors
• Mechanoreceptors

Question 5

What are the three classifications of receptors by the origin of the stimulus?

Answer 5

• Exteroceptors
• Interoceptors
• Proprioceptors

Question 6

What are general (somesthetic) senses?

Answer 6

Senses that include touch, pressure, stretch, temperature, and pain, located in skin, muscles, tendons, joints, and viscera

Question 7

What does ‘chemical senses’ refer to?

Answer 7

Senses that involve taste (gustation) and smell (olfaction)

Question 8

What are the four types of lingual papillae?

Answer 8

• Filiform
• Foliate
• Fungiform
• Vallate

Question 9

How many cells are typically found in a taste bud?

Answer 9

50-150 cells

Question 10

What types of cells are found in taste buds?

Answer 10

• Taste (gustatory) cells
• Supporting cells
• Basal cells

Question 11

What is the olfactory mucosa?

Answer 11

A small surface area containing 10-20 million olfactory cells, supporting cells, and basal cells

Question 12

What is the nature of sound?

Answer 12

The audible movement or vibration of molecules

Question 13

What is pitch?

Answer 13

The perceived frequency of a sound

Question 14

In what units is frequency measured?

Answer 14

Hertz (Hz)

Question 15

What is loudness?

Answer 15

The measure of sound energy, intensity, or amplitude of vibration

Question 16

In what units is amplitude measured?

Answer 16

Decibels (dB)

Question 17

What is otitis media?

Answer 17

An infection or inflammation of the middle ear

Question 18

What are myringotomy and tympanostomy tubes used for?

Answer 18

To relieve pressure and drain fluid from the middle ear

Question 19

What are the two main components of the inner ear?

Answer 19

• Bony labyrinth
• Membranous labyrinth

Question 20

What fluid is found in the bony labyrinth?

Answer 20

Perilymph

Question 21

What fluid is found in the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 21

Endolymph

Question 22

What is the cochlear duct?

Answer 22

A part of the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti

Question 23

What are hair cells?

Answer 23

Sensory cells in the cochlea that detect sound vibrations

Question 24

What is the vestibular apparatus responsible for?

Answer 24

Maintaining equilibrium

Question 25

What are the components of the vestibular apparatus?

Answer 25

* Semicircular ducts * Saccule * Utricle

Question 26

Fill in the blank: _______ is the perception of objects in the environment by the means of the light that they emit or reflect.

Answer 26

Vision

Question 27

What is the range of visible light?

Answer 27

400-700 nm

Question 28

What is the sclera?

Answer 28

The white outer layer of the eyeball

Question 29

What is the role of the ciliary body?

Answer 29

To control the shape of the lens for focusing

Question 30

What is the function of the retina?

Answer 30

To convert light into neural signals for vision

Question 31

What is a common defect of image formation resulting in clouding of the lens?

Answer 31

Cataracts

Question 32

What can untreated glaucoma lead to?

Answer 32

Vision loss due to increased pressure in the eye