BIO 255.24 Chapter 17 (1)

Question 1

What is the primary focus of endocrinology?

Answer 1

The study of the endocrine system and its hormones

Question 2

What are target organs or target cells?

Answer 2

Cells or organs that hormones act upon

Question 3

What is the main characteristic of endocrine glands?

Answer 3

Ductless and release hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 4

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Answer 4

Endocrine glands are ductless with widespread effects, while exocrine glands have ducts and produce local effects

Question 5

What functions does the hypothalamus regulate?

Answer 5

• Water balance
• Thermoregulation
• Sex drive
• Childbirth

Question 6

What is another name for the pituitary gland?

Answer 6

Hypophysis

Question 7

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

Answer 7

• Anterior (Adenohypophysis)
• Posterior (Neurohypophysis)

Question 8

What is the function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

Answer 8

Promotes secretion of TSH and prolactin

Question 9

What hormone does corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulate?

Answer 9

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 10

What role does oxytocin (OT) play in the body?

Answer 10

Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding

Question 11

What is the primary effect of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)?

Answer 11

Promotes secretion of growth hormone (GH)

Question 12

What is the function of somatostatin?

Answer 12

Inhibits secretion of GH and TSH

Question 13

What is the action of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Answer 13

Stimulates gonadal function

Question 14

What is the role of Luteinizing hormone (LH)?

Answer 14

Stimulates gonadal function

Question 15

What hormone does the anterior pituitary secrete that stimulates thyroid function?

Answer 15

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 16

What is the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

Answer 16

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol

Question 17

What is negative feedback inhibition in hormone secretion?

Answer 17

A mechanism where increased levels of a hormone lead to reduced secretion of that hormone

Question 18

Where is the pineal gland located?

Answer 18

3rd ventricle of the brain

Question 19

What is the primary action of the thymus?

Answer 19

Affects endocrine, lymphatic, and immune systems

Question 20

What is the largest endocrine gland?

Answer 20

Thyroid gland

Question 21

What does the thyroid hormone (TH) increase?

Answer 21

• O2 consumption
• Heat production

Question 22

What is hyposecretion?

Answer 22

Insufficient hormone production

Question 23

What is hypersecretion?

Answer 23

Excess hormone production

Question 24

What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands?

Answer 24

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 25

What can occur if the parathyroid glands are removed?

Answer 25

Death due to severe calcium imbalance

Question 26

What is Cushing syndrome?

Answer 26

Excess cortisol leading to metabolic disruptions

Question 27

What is diabetes mellitus?

Answer 27

A disruption of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to insulin issues

Question 28

What percentage of the US population has diabetes mellitus?

Answer 28

9.4%

Question 29

What is Type I Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 29

Insulin-dependent diabetes due to destruction of insulin-releasing pancreatic cells

Question 30

What is Type II Diabetes Mellitus characterized by?

Answer 30

Insulin resistance, often related to obesity and sedentary lifestyle

Question 31

What is gestational diabetes?

Answer 31

Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

Question 32

What role do gonads play in the endocrine system?

Answer 32

Exocrine and endocrine functions, releasing whole cells

Question 33

What is acromegaly?

Answer 33

Excess growth hormone leading to enlarged features

Question 34

What is up-regulation in the context of hormone receptors?

Answer 34

Increase in receptor numbers to enhance sensitivity to a hormone

Question 35

What is down-regulation?

Answer 35

Decrease in receptor numbers to diminish sensitivity to a hormone