bio #4

Question 1

what is Genetics?

Answer 1

a field of biology that studies heredity or the passing of traits from parents to offspring

Question 2

what is a Trait?

Answer 2

an inherited characteristic, such as eye color or hair color

Question 3

what is an allele?

Answer 3

one or two or more different forms of a gene, specific DNA sequence

Question 4

what is genes?

Answer 4

specific locations or loci on the chromosome that contain an allele. May produce polypeptides

Question 5

what is a genotype?

Answer 5

the specific combination of alleles an organism has for a trait Pp phenotype: the physical description of an organism’s trait blue eyes

Question 6

what is the Law of segregation?

Answer 6

Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis, each gametes carry only one allele for each gene

Question 7

what is the Law of dominance?

Answer 7

one person with dominance allele will display the effect of the dominance allele

Question 8

what is Dominant?

Answer 8

allele for a purple flower are PP or Pp because their dominant trait

Question 9

what is Recessive?

Answer 9

allele for a white flower would be pp.

Question 10

what is Homozygous?

Answer 10

dominant or ressive an organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait PP or pp

Question 11

what is Heterozygous?

Answer 11

an organism with two different alleles for a particular trait Pp individual will show what one is dominate allele heterozygous

Question 12

what is Mendel and peas?

Answer 12

studied pea true breeding staring of family pea pods. He discovers each plant has one factors one trait is dominate over other.
He didn’t know homo true breeding or hybrid is heterozygote or that meiosis is why each gamete gets only one allele each time he did the experiment he counted the second generation and their was ratio to 3:1

Question 13

what is True-breeding?

Answer 13

plant in a true-breeding strain when crossed together will have offsprings the same (homozygous)

Question 14

what is a Genetic cross?

Answer 14

breeding between men and women

Question 15

what is a Monohybrid cross?

Answer 15

a genetic cross between parents that differs by only one trait being studied

Question 16

what is Hybrid?

Answer 16

means heterozygous with two different races mate together.

Question 17

what is a Test cross?

Answer 17

when they don’t know someone is homo dominant or hetro they cross unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive.

Question 18

what is Incomplete dominance?

Answer 18

one allele is only partially dominant over the other allele eg. Red RR pink Rr white rr ( when there are 3 phenotypes)

Question 19

what is Codominance?

Answer 19

more than one allele that is dominant eg. IA IB is dominant and I is recessive this cause effects the phenotype

Question 20

what is X-link?

Answer 20

a trait controlled by gene on sex chromie gene being studied is on the x chromosome, use x to show what’s on that chromosome. Only Femal’s can be carrier Xr XR. Colored is affected white is normal half color is carrier if an offspring is affected the women must be carrier or has it

Question 21

what is a Pedigree?

Answer 21

Visual representation of how a trait is inherited in different generations.

Question 22

what is Autosomal inheritance?

Answer 22

trait that is caused by an allele in a gene on autosome ( chromosome that not x or y)

Question 23

what is Law of independent assortment?

Answer 23

Mendelian law that states that two alleles for one gene segregate independently of the alleles for other genes during gamete formation in meiosis.

Question 24

what is Gene linkage?

Answer 24

genes that tend to be inherited together this discovery began the realization that inheritance of many traits can be more complex than Mendel’s

Question 25

what is Carcinogen?

Answer 25

substance or agent know to cause cancer eg. Tabacco smoke

Question 25

what is cancer?

Answer 25

the uncontrolled growth and division of cells. More than one change in DNA is required to change a abnormal cell into cancer. They are caused by mutations that the repair system failed. Cancer could result.

Question 26

what is Ultraviolet radiation?

Answer 26

a energy type that emitters by the sun and other sources that human cannot see or feel. That sunscreen is recommended. Or x-rays.

Question 27

what is DNA technology?

Answer 27

laboratory methods used to manipulate and analyze DNA eg. DNA profile used in law enforcement, genetic medical testing, genetic material in agricultural crops.

Question 28

what is Artificial insemination?

Answer 28

a process that involves collecting and concentrating sperm, and then placing it in the female’s uterus.

Question 29

what is IVF?

Answer 29

a process that results in a female’s eggs being fertilized by sperm outside of the body.

Question 30

what is Genetic testing?

Answer 30

: using DNA tech to determine if an individual carries a particular allele, often done to determine if an individual carries a disease-causing allele. Once baby is conceived genetic testing can be done. Chorionic villus: diagnosis chromosome abnormalities and genetic defects but can cause miscarriage infection, and defects in newborn.

Question 31

what is Amniocentesis?

Answer 31

: diagnosis chromosome abnorabllity and other defects can cause discomfort, risk of infection and miscarriage.

Question 32

what is Chorionic villus?

Answer 32

diagnosis chromosome abnormalities and genetic defects but can cause miscarriage infection, and defects in newborn.

Question 33

what is Genetic screening?

Answer 33

test done when a newborn is born take blood out of heal

Question 34

what is Cloning?

Answer 34

the process of making an exact copy of a cell or an organism eg. Bacteria Dolly in 1997 first mammal clone involves somatic cell nuclear transfer. Many clones die in the early stage of fetus development also very few offspring are born have many abnormalities that why debate over and an ethical practice.

Question 35

what is Genetically modified organism(gmo)?

Answer 35

an organism that has had genes from another species inserted from another species inserted into DNA. Less expensive to purify human insulin in bacteria also crops like canola to improve productivity. To taste and to bugs. Concerns about GMO is their are unknowns, and that’s it’s unnatural. Worried that scientist will make a organism that can’t be controlled. hazardous to our health. in Canada they must labeled it.

Question 36

what is Gene therapy?

Answer 36

experimental treatment to cure genetic disorders. It insets healthy normal form of a gene into the cells of tissues that are affected by a disorder. They can replace or supplement the effect of the disorder

Question 37

what are some concern?

Answer 37

they help some people like sickle cell but other were negatively affected this caused to stop. It still a way to cure,

Question 38

how many pair of chromosomes are there?

Answer 38

23 pairs

Question 39

how many allels for each gene?

Answer 39

2

Question 40

what dominance is results in partial expression

Answer 40

incomplete domiance

Question 41

what dominance is results in fully expression?

Answer 41

codomiance