Bio Unit #1 test

Question 1

what are Monosaccharides?

Answer 1

Simple sugars eg.
Glucose
Mon= 1

Question 2

How do Plants make sugar?

Answer 2

Photosynthesis

Question 3

How is cellular respiration different for monosaccharides and disaccharides?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides: we eat sugar cells break down into carbon dioxide and water to gain energy.

Disaccharides: when we eat our body breaks them down into monosaccharides then break down to gain energy

Question 4

what are Disaccharides? explain..?

Answer 4

made of two monosaccharides boned together
eg. sucrose or lactose
naturally found in some fruits

Question 5

what are the three types of polysaccharides ( carbohydrates)

Answer 5

Cellulose
Glycogen ( processed foods)
Starch ( carbs)

Question 6

what is Cellulose?

Answer 6

made out of glucose molecules bonded with long chains
eg. celery, broccoli, beans, peas

Question 7

Starch

Answer 7

made of glucose in long chain
eg. potatoes, carrots, corn, peas
plants store extra sugar as starch to save for later
when we eat starch we break down to glucose

Question 8

Glycogen (processed foods)

Answer 8

high in monosaccharides eg. donuts, cookies, cakes

High in polysaccharides eg. pasta, bread

excess glucose is stored as glycogen in muscle and liver cells

Question 9

why do we need nutrients?

Answer 9

you need to consume that allows your body to function or work properly. it gives us the energy we need.

Question 10

what is a saturated fat?

Answer 10

made from saturated fatty acids.
no double bonds, forms a straight chain
they are solid
an example found in meat and coco butter
this is less healthy

Question 11

what is a unsaturated fat?

Answer 11

made from unsaturated fatty acids
have double bond and chain is bent
they are liquid
ex. avocado or nuts or olive oil

Question 12

what is a Phospholipids?

Answer 12

2 fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol
they are modified triglycerides

Question 13

what are steroids?

Answer 13

lipids

Question 14

how many amino acids are there?

Answer 14

22

Question 15

What are the protein structure?

Answer 15

primary structure

secondary structure

tertiary structure

quaternary structure

Question 16

what does the primary structure

Answer 16

it’s straight chain in a snake pattered

Question 17

what does the secondary structure look like

Answer 17

these chain are folder two common alpha and beta sheet

Question 18

Tertiary structure look like?

Answer 18

foled in more complex way. they are folded into globular.

Question 19

what does the quaternary structure look like

Answer 19

what out of more than one folded polypeptide chain
it more than one globular together

Question 20

what are the types of nucleic acids?

Answer 20

Deoxyribose- nucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid

Question 21

what is the function of Deoxyribose- nucleic acid?

Answer 21

DNA is like a recipe book that hold the instructions for bulding proteins and other thing in the cell.

Question 22

what is the function of Ribonucleic acid?

Answer 22

carry DNA to the other parts of the cell

Question 23

what is base pairing

Answer 23

A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T)

C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)

Question 24

what can DNA nucleotides can have

Answer 24

A, G, C, T

Question 25

what can RNA nucleotides can have?

Answer 25

A,G,C,U

Question 26

what are two-ringed base are called?

Answer 26

purines

Question 27

what are one ringed base are called

Answer 27

pyrimidines

Question 28

why do you need nutients?

Answer 28

so your body can function or work properly each person needs are different culture, ecomc, social and psychological play a role in this

Question 29

identify foods that have different macros

Answer 29

fats- oil or nuts proteins- meat carbohydrates- candy or bread

Question 30

what are enzymes made of ?

Answer 30

enzymes is a molecular made of protein

Question 31

what is the function of enzymes?

Answer 31

they help speed chemcical reaction in the cells

Question 32

what are lipids?

Answer 32

Are fatty compound. - help control what goes in and out of your cell -they help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins, and making hormones

Question 33

what phospholipids used for?

Answer 33

act as a barrier to protect the cell allow cellular process to happen

Question 34

what are steroids are used for?

Answer 34

signal, developed, regulate membrane traffic

Question 35

how many different levels of protein structure are there?

Answer 35

4

Question 36

how are protein and enzyme denatured?

Answer 36

-Hight temperature -very high or low ph -high salt concentration

Question 37

what is the difference essential and non essential amino acids?

Answer 37

non essential- body makes them essential - eat form diet to get them

Question 38

what are the four types of macromolecules?

Answer 38

carbohydrates protein lipids ( fats) nucleic acid

Question 39

what is the main function of carbohydrates?

Answer 39

provide quick energy provide structure to cells and organisms, store energy

Question 40

what is the main function of lipids?

Answer 40

they help with moving and storing energy absorbing vitamins making hormones

Question 41

what is the main function of protein?

Answer 41

carry out nearly all the functions of the cell

Question 42

what is the main function of nucleic acid?

Answer 42

DNA :store genetic info RNA: protein synthesis

Question 43

why is a no fat diet not good?

Answer 43

there are some healthy fats your body needs. you will hurt your body in the long run

Question 44

why should runners do a carb load the night before a race?

Answer 44

max glycogen storage that can help runner increase endurance or delay fatigue

Question 45

when people straight there hair what happens to their hair?

Answer 45

Enzymes and proteins are being denatured bc of high temperature

Question 46

what structure is a phospholipid?

Answer 46

two hydrophobic tails

Question 47

where are monosaccharide naturally found?

Answer 47

Naturally found in fruit and vegies

Question 48

why can't you digest cellulose?

Answer 48

we can't digest or break down cellulose into glucose

Question 49

what macromolecules do human not get food from?

Answer 49

nucleotides

Question 50

what is the active cite?

Answer 50

an enzyme binds

Question 51

what is a substate?

Answer 51

a molecule were enzyme acts as catalyst

Question 52

what is lactose cause?

Answer 52

lack of enzyme