Bio Unit #1 test

Question 1

what are Monosaccharides explain…

Answer 1

Simple sugars eg.
Glucose Mon= 1
Made out of Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Naturally found in fruit and vegies

Question 2

How do Plants make sugar?

Answer 2

Photosynthesis

Question 3

How is cellular respiration different for monosaccharides and disaccharides?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides: we eat sugar cells break down into carbon dioxide and water to gain energy.

Disaccharides: when we eat our body breaks them down into monosaccharides then break down to gain energy

Question 4

what are Disaccharides? explain..?

Answer 4

made of two monosaccharides boned together
eg. sucrose or lactose
naturally found in some fruits

Question 5

what are the three types of polysaccharides ( carbohydrates)

Answer 5

Cellulose
Glycogen ( processed foods)
Starch ( carbs)

Question 6

Cellulose

Answer 6

• made out of glucose molecules bonded with long chains
  eg. celery, broccoli, beans, peas
  we can’t digest or break down cellulose into glucose
• found in all plant cells

Question 7

Starch

Answer 7

made of glucose in long chain
eg. potatoes, carrots, corn, peas
plants store extra sugar as starch to save for later
when we eat starch we break down to glucose

Question 8

Glycogen (processed foods)

Answer 8

high in monosaccharides eg. donuts, cookies, cakes

High in polysaccharides eg. pasta, bread

excess glucose is stored as glycogen in muscle and liver cells

Question 9

Monosaccharides structure?

Answer 9

glucose and fructose have 6 carbons

ribose and dexoyribe has 5 carbons

Question 10

why do we need nutrients?

Answer 10

you need to consume that allows your body to function or work properly. it gives us the energy we need.

each person

Question 11

saturated fats

Answer 11

made from saturated fatty acids.
no double bonds, forms a straight chain
they are solid
an example found in meat and coco butter
this is less healthy

Question 12

unsaturated

Answer 12

made from unsaturated fatty acids
have double bond and chain is bent
they are liquid
ex. avocado or nuts or olive oil

Question 13

Phospholipids

Answer 13

2 fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol
they are modified triglycerides

Question 14

steroids

Answer 14

lipids

Question 15

how many amino acids are there?

Answer 15

22

Question 16

What are the protein structure?

Answer 16

primary structure

secondary structure

tertiary structure

quaternary structure

Question 17

what does the primary structure

Answer 17

it’s straight chain in a snake pattered

Question 18

what does the secondary structure look like

Answer 18

these chain are folder two common alpha and beta sheet

Question 19

Tertiary structure look like?

Answer 19

foled in more complex way. they are folded into globular.

Question 20

what does the quaternary structure look like

Answer 20

what out of more than one folded polypeptide chain
it more than one globular together

Question 21

what are the types of nucleic acids?

Answer 21

Deoxyribose- nucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid

Question 22

what is the function of Deoxyribose- nucleic acid?

Answer 22

DNA is like a recipe book that hold the instructions for bulding proteins and other thing in the cell.

Question 23

what is the function of Ribonucleic acid?

Answer 23

• RNA stands are shorter and carry DNA to the other parts of the cell.
• some RNA act like ribozymes
• some ribozymes can self-replicate other RNA molecules
• some can stick to amino acids

Question 24

what is Deoxyribose- nucleic acid structure?

Answer 24

• two stands of dna form a helix
  -the two stands have backbones made of surgar and phosphate
  -the ladder is made of two base. one base on one stand and one base from another stand
  -

Question 25

what is the Ribonucleic acid structure?

Answer 25

• RNA strands can be found single or double stranded
  -sugar and phosphate make up the “back bone”
  -RNA strands can base pair with other DNA or RNA stands
  -

Question 26

what is base pairing

Answer 26

A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T)

C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)

Question 27

what can DNA nucleotides can have

Answer 27

A, G, C, T

Question 28

what can RNA nucleotides can have?

Answer 28

A,G,C,U

Question 29

what are two-ringed base are called?

Answer 29

purines

Question 30

what are one ringed base are called

Answer 30

pyrimidines

Question 31

why do you need nutients?

Answer 31

so your body can function or work properly
each person needs are different
culture, ecomc, social and psychological play a role in this

Question 32

identify foods that have different macros

Answer 32

fats- oil or nuts
proteins- meat
carbohydrates- candy or bread

Question 33

what are enzymes made of ?

Answer 33

enzymes is a molecular made of protein

Question 34

what is the function of enzymes?

Answer 34

they help speed reaction in the cells

Question 35

what are the function of lipids?

Answer 35

• are fatty compound.
• help control what goes in and out of your cell
  -they help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins, and making hormones

Question 36

what phospholipids used for?

Answer 36

-act as a barrier to protect the cell

• allow cellular process to happen

Question 37

what are steroids are used for?

Answer 37

-signal
-developed
-regulate
membrane traffic, other cellular process

Question 38

what are the function of protenis?

Answer 38

-help cells communicate
-help cells maintain their shape
-carried out changes trigger by chemical messengers
-transport and share material

Question 39

how are protein and enzyme denatured?

Answer 39

-Hight temperature
-very high or low ph
-high salt concentration

Question 40

what is the difference essential and non essential amino acids?

Answer 40

non essential- body

essential - eat form diet