Biology unit #2

Question 1

what is active transport?

Answer 1

the movement across a semi-permeable membrane that requires energy input from the cell

Question 2

How does active transport work?

Answer 2

protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
active transport cost energy as substances is moving from low concentration to high concentration

Question 3

when does active transport happen?

Answer 3

it happens when controlling how transport protein opens and closes to one side of the membrane to another.

Question 4

what is ATP?

Answer 4

The “battery” of the cell
is a phosphate groups is removed, and energy is used from that reaction to change the shape of the protein

Question 5

why does cell need to pump out of calcium?

Answer 5

• calcium is the signaling molecule
  -helps the the muscle contraction and relax

Question 6

what effects active transport?

Answer 6

• temperature
• concertation of ions/molecule that being transport
• ATP availability

Question 7

what is bulk transport?

Answer 7

the name of two process that move very large molecules, small amount of fluid or large particles

Question 8

what is exocytosis?

Answer 8

vesicle fuses with the membrane and releases whatever was in the vesicle to the outsie of the cell

Question 9

what does exocytosis carries out?

Answer 9

-large waste
-signaling proteins

Question 10

what is endocytosis?

Answer 10

part of the membrane folds in to form a vesicle inside, containing material that was outside the cell membrane

Question 11

what does endocytosis carry in?

Answer 11

-large molecules
-large material
-large amounts of water

Question 12

what does ATP stand for?

Answer 12

Adenosine triphosphate
“charged battery”
two high power bonds

Question 13

what does ADP stand for?

Answer 13

Adenosine diphosphate
“Battery with only partial charge left.”

Question 14

what does AMP stand for?

Answer 14

Adenosine monophosphate
“uncharged battery”

Question 15

what does ATP do?

Answer 15

the molecule that cell’s use for energy. is the energy “currency” when a muscle needs energy contact it “spends” converting into ADT

Question 16

what is hunger signal’s?

Answer 16

forms of AMP let the cells know when they are hungry
when these levels are high they know they need to eat more

Question 17

how does chemical reactions happen in the cell?

Answer 17

the chemical reactions need energy and they use the ATP as a battery to help power different chemical reactions.

Question 18

what is photosynthesis?

Answer 18

the process plants use to harvest the sun’s light energy and store as a chemical energy

Question 19

where does aerobic cellular respiration phase take place?

Answer 19

mitochondria

Question 20

what are the parts in cellular respiration?

Answer 20

6 glucose + oxygen -6 carbon dioxide + 6water

34 ADP + 36p- 36 ATP

Question 21

what do both plant and animal cells have?

Answer 21

mitochondria

Question 22

what is an organelle?

Answer 22

a structure in a cell that performs a specific function

Question 23

what does active transport require?

Answer 23

the cell energy

Question 24

what are the parts in the membrane?

Answer 24

phospholipids
proteins
cholesterol
carbohydrates

Question 25

what do phospholipase do?

Answer 25

provide overall structure acts as a barrier hold components of the cell

Question 26

what do proteins do?

Answer 26

embedded in the phospholipid's bilayer some are proteins that transport some are enzymes that control chemical reactions

Question 27

what do cholesterol do?

Answer 27

embedded in the phospholipids bilayer helps keeps fluidity the right temp

Question 28

what do carbohydrates?

Answer 28

attach protein or phosphlips allow other cell to come in work like an ID tag

Question 29

what passive trasport?

Answer 29

movement across semi-permeable membrane that doesn't require cell energy

Question 30

example of facilitated diffusion?

Answer 30

e.g. cystic fibrosis

Question 31

simple diffusion?

Answer 31

a substance move directly through the cell membrane area of high to an area of low

Question 32

what is Osmosis?

Answer 32

movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane high to low

Question 33

what is gradient?

Answer 33

low to high concentation

Question 34

what is Equilibrium?

Answer 34

the area is equal

Question 35

what is hypertonic?

Answer 35

fewer free water molecules

Question 36

what is hypotonic?

Answer 36

more free water molecules

Question 37

what is reverse osmosis?

Answer 37

water purifer

Question 38

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 38

process that makes ATP need glucose and oxygen then carbon dioxide and water 36-38 ATP

Question 39

what is fermentation?

Answer 39

the process that makes ATP without oxygen eg. yeast eg. kimchi

Question 40

what is photosynthesis?

Answer 40

the process used to harvest light energy from the sun and store it as chemical energy in sugar molecules

Question 40

what the cell membrane?

Answer 40

found in both enclose the cells contents

Question 41

what's the cell wall?

Answer 41

in plants adds structure to the cell and mostly made out of cellulose

Question 42

what is centriole?

Answer 42

serves has the skeleton system fibers used in cell division, and in ribosoes are produce here

Question 43

what are lysosomes?

Answer 43

animal very small and help build proteins

Question 44

what are choroplast?

Answer 44

plants aid in photosynthesis it's free flowing

Question 45

what is a vesicle?

Answer 45

transport materials

Question 46

what is nucleus?

Answer 46

ribosomes are produced here

Question 47

what is a Golgi body?

Answer 47

both packages vesicle for transport

Question 48

what are centrosomes?

Answer 48

help give structure and is used in mitosis

Question 49

example of diffusion in the air?

Answer 49

smell of bacon

Question 50

example of diffusion in the water?

Answer 50

dropping food coloring in water

Question 51

example of diffusion in the body?

Answer 51

liver/ kidney

Question 52

example of osmosis?

Answer 52

reverse osmosis to purity water

Question 53

example of facilitated diffusion?

Answer 53

cystic fibrosis

Question 54

what is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 54

the substance moves through the membrane with the help protein embedded