Bio/Biochem 3

Question 1

What is mendels first law?

Answer 1

law of segregation

alleles for same gene segregate during meiosis (anaphase I)

Question 2

What is mendels second law

Answer 2

independent assortment

alleles sort independently, gametes get maternal or paternal copy of each chromosome

Question 3

What is penetrance?

Answer 3

the proportion of individuals in a population with a genotype who actually express phenotype.

Question 4

What is expressivity (genetics)?

Answer 4

Varying degree to which an allele manifests as a phenotype

Question 5

Codominance means what (genetics)?

Answer 5

when two dominant alleles are expressed simultaneously

ex: blood types

Question 6

Incomplete dominance is what?

Answer 6

when heterozygotes express an intermediate phenotype

Crossing red flower x white flower = pink flower (blend)

Question 7

What are examples of mutagens?

Answer 7

ionizing radiation
chemical mutagens
transposons

Question 8

What is a point mutation?

Answer 8

one nucleotide swapped for another

Question 9

What is a missense mutation?

Answer 9

Are point mutations that cause a new amino acid to be made

May or may not effect protein function

Question 10

What is a nonsense mutation?

Answer 10

Nonsense mutations create a new stop codon (truncate protein)

Question 11

What are the three kinds of point mutations?

Answer 11

silent
missense (changes aa)
nonsense (makes stop)

Question 12

What are deleterious mutations?

Answer 12

Bad mutations

Question 13

Which of atrial / ventricles have thicker walls?

Answer 13

ventricles

Question 14

Which side of the heart is thicker with more muscle?

Answer 14

Left

because it pumps to whole body

Question 15

What is the valve that permits blood passage from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

Answer 15

tricuspid

Question 16

What is the valve that allows blood passage from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

Answer 16

bicuspid valve

Question 17

What is another name for the bicuspid valve?

Answer 17

mitral valve

Question 18

What is a mneumonic to remember left atrium/right atrium valves?

Answer 18

LAB
RAT
Left atrium bicuspid
Right atrium tricuspid

Question 19

SA node sends signals to contract?

Answer 19

atria

Question 20

What is the order of electrical conductance in the heart?

Answer 20

SA
AV
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers

Start A Blood Pump

Question 21

What happens during systole?

Answer 21

tri and bicuspid valves close

Blood pumped out of ventricle

Question 22

What happens during the diastole?

Answer 22

semlunar valves close

Blood from atria fills ventricles

Question 23

What is the lub dub from?

Answer 23

lub - tri and bicuspid close

dub - semilunar valves close

Question 24

How to determine Cariac output?

Answer 24

CO = HR x SV

SV = stroke volume

Question 25

Veins containt about _____ of the bodies blood

Answer 25

3/4

Question 26

Which has thicker smooth muscle? arteries or veins

Answer 26

arteries

Question 27

Veins or arteries. Which is elastic?

Answer 27

arteries

Question 28

What is the hematocrit?

Answer 28

percentage of RBC's

Question 29

Leukocytes are what?

Answer 29

white blood cells

Question 30

What are the granulocytes? (3)

Answer 30

neutrophil eosinophil basophil

Question 31

What are the agranulocytes?

Answer 31

monocyte | lymphocyte

Question 32

What are the two kinds of lymphocytes?

Answer 32

B-cells | T-cells

Question 33

What is the thrombocytes?

Answer 33

platelets

Question 34

4 possible blood types?

Answer 34

A B AB O

Question 35

What are the genotypes of A, B, AB, O

Answer 35

IA,IA or IA,i IB,IB or IB,i IA,IB i,i

Question 36

Type A blood forms what antibodies?

Answer 36

B antibodies

Question 37

Blood type O forms what antibody?

Answer 37

A and B antibodies

Question 38

Blood type AB forms what antibody??

Answer 38

No antibodies formed in AB blood type

Question 39

What is the universal recipient?

Answer 39

AB blood Because it produces AB antigens which means NO antibodies are produced, which means it can get blood from anyone

Question 40

What is the universal donator?

Answer 40

O blood type Because O blood type does not produce any antigens, therefore it produces antibodies A and B,

Question 41

Acrocentric chromosomes have centromere where?

Answer 41

near their end