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MCAT mastery > Psych/Soc 2 > Flashcards

Psych/Soc 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a self-concept?

A

Our internal list to who am I question

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2
Q

Define identity

A

individual components of self concept (groups we identify with) ex: religous group, sex orientation, gender

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3
Q

What factors are there in an ethnic identity?

A

ancestry, culture, language

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4
Q

What is nationality?

A

political borders (flag, country, national symbols)

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5
Q

What is the hierarchy of salience?

A

it means the situation dictates which identity is most important

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6
Q

The self-discrepancy theory states that we have three selfs, what are they?

A

Actual self (how we view ourself) Ideal self Ought self (what others think of us)

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7
Q

What is Freuds Psychosexual development stages?

A

Oral Anal Phallic (Oedipal) Latency Genital

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8
Q

In freuds Oral stage of development what can fixation lead to?

A

excessive dependency

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9
Q

In freuds anal stage what can fixation lead to?

A

excessive orderliness OR messiness

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10
Q

In freuds phallic stage (3-5) what are the conflicts?

A

oedipal and electra

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11
Q

In freuds psychosexual stages what is the latency stage?

A

libido is depressed til puberty

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12
Q

In Erikson’s psychosocial stages when does it occur and what is the trust vs mistrust stage?

A

0 to 1 year

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13
Q

In Erikson’s psychosocial stages when does it occur and what is the autonomy vs shame and doubt stage?

A

1 to 3 years

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14
Q

In Erikson’s psychosocial stages when does it occur and what is the initiative vs guilt stage?

A

3 to 6 years

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15
Q

In Erikson’s psychosocial stages when does it occur and what is the industry vs inferiority stage?

A

6 to 12 years

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16
Q

In Erikson’s psychosocial stages when does it occur and what is the identity vs role confusion stage?

A

12 to 20 years

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17
Q

In Erikson’s psychosocial stages when does it occur and what is the intimacy vs isolation?

A

20 to 40 years

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18
Q

In Erikson’s psychosocial stages when does it occur and what is the In Erikson’s psychosocial stages when does it occur and what is the generativity vs stagnation stage?

A

40 to 65 years if gen. you become a contributer to society and if stag. you become more self-centered and bored

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19
Q

In Erikson’s psychosocial stages when does it occur and what is the integrity vs despair stage?

A

65 years + integrity we will see wisdom despair will see life as worthless and fear death

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20
Q

What are the three phases of kohlberg’s moral reasoning?

A

Preconventional morality Conventional morality postconventional morality

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21
Q

In Kohlbergs moral reasoning, what are the two stages in the preconventional morality?

A

obedience self-interest

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22
Q

In Kohlbergs moral reasoning, what are the two stages in the conventional morality?

A

conformity law and order

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23
Q

In Kohlbergs moral reasoning, what are the two stages in the postconventional morality?

A

social contract universal human ethics

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24
Q

Vygotsky is known for the ?

A

zone of proximal development

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25
Q

Vygotsky and the zone of proximal development requires?

A

The help of a more knowledgeable other to gain skills

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26
Q

Who came up with the psychoanalytic perspective?

A

sigmun freud

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27
Q

What are the three parts of the psychoanalytic perspective?

A

Id Ego Superego

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28
Q

What is the ID?

A

the innate drives, natural man inside us

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29
Q

What is the ego?

A

the socially acceptable, guides or inhibits the ID moderates the superego

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30
Q

What is the superego?

A

The perfectionist, right and wrong, morally acceptable

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31
Q

Whats the difference in suppression and repression?

A

suppressison is the conscious act of forgetting

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32
Q

What is the difference between regression and repression?

A

regression is the reversion back to an earlier development state

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33
Q

Displacement is what defense mechanism?

A

transferring feelings from one object/thing to another

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34
Q

sublimation is what?

A

the changing an unacceptable feeling into a socially acceptable one

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35
Q

What is anima and animus?

A

anima is a man’s inner woman animus is a womans inner man

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36
Q

According to carl jung what is the persona?

A

the mask we wear among people

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37
Q

According to carl jung what is the collective unconscious?

A

common experiences or archetypes

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38
Q

What is the myers-Briggs type inventory? (MBTI)

A

They took Carl Jung’s info and made the ENFP or ESFJ

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39
Q

What is a self-schema?

A

a classification or self-given label ex: athlete, student

40
Q

What is dishabituation?

A

reverting back to having a recovered stimulus response

41
Q

What is associative learning?

A

associating between a behavior and response

42
Q

What are two types of associative learning?

A

clasical and operant (instinctive and voluntary respectively)

43
Q

Conditioned stimulus used to be ?

A

neutral stimulus

44
Q

Unconditioned response becomes what?

A

conditioned response

45
Q

What are the parts of classical conditioning?

A

UCS UCR neutral stimulus -> Conditioned stimulus UCR -> Conditioned response

46
Q

In classical conditioning what is extinction?

A

The Organism becomes habituated to CS

47
Q

In classical conditioning what is generalization?

A

Any stimulus similar to original to CS will cause CR

48
Q

In classical conditioning what is discrimination?

A

The ability to distinguish between two similar stimuli

49
Q

Operant (voluntary) conditioning is what?

A

Voluntarily choice in actions

50
Q

Positive reinforcement is what?

A

ADD something to reinforce behavior

51
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

REMOVE something to reinforce behavior

52
Q

What is positive punishment?

A

ADD something to stop behavior

53
Q

What is Negative punishment?

A

Remove something to stop behavior

54
Q

How long do we hold onto sensory memory?

A

Not long

55
Q

What is working memory?

A

memory your using to solve something like what is 37x42 in your head.

56
Q

What are the three kinds of active encoding from strongest to weakest?

A

Semantic (linking) Auditory Visual

57
Q

How much short term memory can you memorize?

A

7 + or - 2

58
Q

What are the two types of long-term memory?

A

Implicit (non declarative) and explicit (declarative)

59
Q

What is implicit memory?

A

nondeclarative - skills and conditioned responses No active recall needed riding bike, driving car, eating

60
Q

What is explicit memory?

A

Memories that require active conscious recall Ex: the arrhenius equation,

61
Q

What are the two types of motivation?

A

intrinsic extrinsic

62
Q

Whats the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic?

A

Intrinsic - for you extrinsic - ex: to pass MCAt

63
Q

What is instinct theory of motivation?

A

innate behaviors of motivation, unconditioned (suckling)

64
Q

What is the Arousal Theory of Motivation?

A

People perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal

65
Q

Whats the James-Lange Theory of emotion?

A

Stim -> Physiological response -> emotional response i feel threatened BECAUSE my heart is elevated

66
Q

What is the Canon-Bard theory?

A

Stim -> physiological arousal AND sense of emotion I see a snake AND my heart is racing. I must be afraid

67
Q

What is the Schacter-Singer theory?

A

Emotion depends on both the physiological response and the cognitive appraisal of the environment I am sad BECAUSE my eyes are watering AND everyone else is sad at this funeral.

68
Q

What is fictional finalism?

A

Individual is motivated more by expectations of the future than by past

69
Q

What is creative self?

A

Force by which individual creates his personality

70
Q

What is the style of life?

A

the manifestation of creative self

71
Q

Horney stated that bad parenting causes basic anxiety which cause what?

A

vulnerability and helplessness

72
Q

Object relations theory states what?

A

That objects–like our parents–influence our relationships with others based on experiences with the object

73
Q

What is the p value?

A

The chance that your results were due to chance

74
Q

What size p value do you want to show casualty?

A

small. if small reject Ho

75
Q

What is temporal ambiguity?

A

The researcher can’t tell which is the ind. or the dep. variable independent variable has to occur BEFORE dependent variable

76
Q

What is selection bias?

A

“handpicked”

77
Q

In errors what will you see (trend) with a systemic error? and what is a systemic error?

A

If skewed it will be a systemic error which is like procedural, or equipment

78
Q

In research errors how could you fix a random error?

A

Increase the size of the sample If you have a low sample it might be a random error

79
Q

What is the confidence interval?

A

% certainty that your results are representative of population

80
Q

What is a type I error?

A

False positive

81
Q

What is a type II error?

A

False negative

82
Q

What is a secondary appraisal?

A

your secondary evaluation or secondary emotions of

83
Q

What is the social cognitive perspective?

A

Peoples behaviors and traits shape their environments which effects identity

84
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

Turns unwanted feelings in the opposite

85
Q

Summarize the kohlbergs stages with one word

A

Pre = selfish Conventional = societal Post = abstract

86
Q

What is the diff in primary versus secondary socialization?

A

Prim is family Secondary is with friends

87
Q

What is confirmation bias?

A

focus on information that already fits our beliefs

88
Q

What is affluent?

A

having a great deal of money

89
Q

What is the difference between symbolic and material culture?

A

Material is objects : art tools, clothes

Symbolic is ideas : motto’s, songs, phrases

90
Q

What is groupthink?

A
91
Q

What is histrionic personality disorder?

A

Attention seeking, dramatic, seductive behaviors

92
Q

What is schizoid personality disorder?

A

Socially withdrawn, not wanting to interact

93
Q

What is top-down processing?

A

we percieve by filling in the gaps,

Recognize the whole object, then the pieces

94
Q

What is bottom-up processing?

A

taking sensory info and then organizing it.

Use small clues to find the big picture.

95
Q
A

MCAT mastery (18 decks)

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