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MCAT mastery > Psych/Soc > Flashcards

Psych/Soc Flashcards

1
Q

Conflict theory is what and created by who?

A

Conflict theory states that power differentials create balance and that power differentials can lead to dominance Karl Marxx

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2
Q

Symbolic interactionism is what?

A

Studies that symbols/body language that we use to communicate. Different in different cultues

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3
Q

Social constructionism examples?

A

The value of money Work ethic Acceptable dress Gender roles

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4
Q

Education, Family, Religion, Government, Economy, Medicine are all examples of what?

A

Social institutions

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5
Q

What does beneficence mean?

A

Physician has responsibility to act in patients best interest

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6
Q

What does nonmaleficence mean?

A

do no harm

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7
Q

Race is determined by ______ factors and ethinicity is determined by ______ factors

A

phenotypic cultural

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8
Q

What is the Kinsey scale?

A

Scale form 0-6 0 is straight 6 is homosexual

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9
Q

Fertility rate is what?

A

children per woman per lifetime

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10
Q

Birth rate = ?

A

Children per 1000 people

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11
Q

Mortality rate = ?

A

deaths per 1000 people per year

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12
Q

Migration rate = ?

A

Immigration - emigration rate

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13
Q

What does anomie mean?

A

lack of social norms

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14
Q

What is the strain theory?

A

anomic conditions (lacking social norms) leads to deviance EX: excessive individualism, social inequality, isolation

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15
Q

What is an example of a way one could gain social capital?

A

Social media/networks

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16
Q

What is plutocracy?

A

a rule by the upper classes

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17
Q

What is social mobility?

A

The climb or falling of ones social status

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18
Q

What is social reproduction?

A

Passing on status from one to the next, like poverty

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19
Q

What is social exclusion?

A

When poor individuals feel alienated from society can cause further issues

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20
Q

Incidence is define as?

A

new cases of illness / population at risk / time

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21
Q

Prevalence is defined as?

A

total cases of illness / total population / time

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22
Q

What is second sickness?

A

exasberating of health outcomes due to social injustice

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23
Q

Women mortality and morbidity rates, compared to men?

A

Lower Higher

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24
Q

What does functionalism mean? What is a function? A dysfunction? Manifest function? Latenet function?

A

Functionalism looks at structure and function of society A function is something or someone beneficial to society A dysfunction is opposite that Manifest function is an action intended to help Latent function is an unintended action that helps society

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25
Q

JND Who created it?

A

Webers law Difference in threshhold / base-starting-initial value 440 Hz to 443 Hz 3 Hz / 440 Hz

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26
Q

Anything coming from the right visual field in both eyes, is processed by the _____ side of the brain?

A

left

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27
Q

Shape is determined by what cells?

A

Parvocellular cells

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28
Q

Motion is determined by what cells?

A

magnocellular

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29
Q

Which neuropsychologist taught phrenology, and what is it??

A

Fran’s Gall Phrenology, if certain trait was well developed, it would make a bump.

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30
Q

What did Pierre Flourens methods consist of?

A

Extirpation, removal of areas of the brain to see consequences

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31
Q

William James and John Dewey were focused on what neuropsychological concept? And what is that?

A

Functionalism- which is adapting by mental processes

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32
Q

Paul Broca linked what area to the brain?

A

Broca’s area

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33
Q

Sir Charles Sherrington taught about what in neuropsychology?

A

Synapses

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34
Q

Herman Von helmholtz measure what?

A

The speed of a nerve impulse.

35
Q

What are the components of the hindbrain?

A

Pons Medulla oblongata Cerebellum

36
Q

What does the Pons in the hindbrain do?

A

Relay info Regulate sleep “Sleep Pon the bed”

37
Q

What does the medulla oblongata in the hindbrain do?

A

Regulates breathing “Gotta breath!” Heartbeat Blood pressure

38
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Posture Balance “Bella balances”

39
Q

The midbrain consists of what?

A

Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus

40
Q

What does the superior colliculus do?

A

Receives visual sensory input “Superman has Superior vision”

41
Q

Inferior colliculus does what?

A

Receives auditory info

42
Q

Thalamus is the what? Does it for all but what?

A

Relay center Smell

43
Q

Hypothalamus 4 F’s

A

Feeding Fighting Flighting Sexual Functioning

44
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

Triggers eating or drinking. If it was damaged one would LH Lack Hunger

45
Q

The VentroMedial Hypothalamus does what?

A

Satiety center If destroyed one would be Very Much Hungry

46
Q

The Anterior hypothalamus does what?

A

Controls sexual behavior If it were to be destroyed one would be Asexual

47
Q

Diencephalon parts?

A

Hypothalamus Thalamus Posterior pituitary Pineal gland

48
Q

What hormones does the posterior pituitary release? What does it differentiate from?

A

ADH Oxytocin Diencephalon

49
Q

Telencephalon consists of what?

A

Basal ganglia Limbic system Cerebral cortex

50
Q

Basal ganglia coordinates what? What disease is associated with this?

A

Muscle movement Parkinson’s

51
Q

Limbic system consists of what?

A

Septal nuclei Amygdala Hippocampus

52
Q

Amygdala’s role?

A

Defensive/aggressive behavior

53
Q

Frontal lobe is the ________ function

A

Executive

54
Q

Parietal lobe helps us with _______ _________

A

Spatial processing

55
Q

Where is the motor cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

56
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex?

A

The Parietal lobe

57
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

Connects the hemispheres

58
Q

which variable, the independent or the dependent variable is manipulated by the scientist?

A

The independent

59
Q

Which variable between the independent and the dependent variable is being measured???

A

The dependent

60
Q

A casual relationship in research happens when?

A

The independent variable is needed and causes change on the dependent variable.

61
Q

One word Accuracy = _______ Precision = _______

A

True consistent

62
Q

What is a cohort study?

A

Divided into two groups based on risk factors then observed Smoking versus non smoking observed over twenty years

63
Q

Cross-sectional studies do what?

A

group patients at single POINTS IN TIME Ex: determining the prevalence of lung cancer in smokers vs. nonsmokers at given POINT OF TIME

64
Q

What is case-controlled studies?

A

Identify subjects with outcomes and look BACKWARDS at risk factors Pts w/ and w/o lung cancer, look at history of smoking HISTORY

65
Q

What does hills criteria tell us?

A

If a relationship is casual or not (independent effects dependent)

66
Q

What is selection bias?

A

When subjects used for the study are not representative of the target population

67
Q

What is detection bias?

A

Using prior knowledge in a biased way, looking harder for something you think might be there

68
Q

What is the hawthorne effect also called? What is it?

A

Observation bias Behavior of subjects changes, because they know they are being studied

69
Q

Confounding error source means what?

A

Data analysis error

70
Q

What is generalizability in studies?

A

High generalizability will highly reflect the target population

71
Q

What is the mode?

A

The number that appears the most

72
Q

In a negatively skewed distribution the mean will be _____ than the median

A

lower

73
Q

In a positively skewed distribution the mean will be _____ than the median?

A

higher

74
Q

Probability, if you see the word AND then….? If you see the word OR then…..? One OF two then….?

A

Multiply Add Add - probability of both happening together

75
Q

If the p value is greater than α …. ?

A

Dont reject null hypothesis No difference Results are not statistically different

76
Q

If the p value is less than α then…. ?

A

Reject null hypothesis Significant difference in two studied groups Alternative hypothesis is true

77
Q

A type I error is?

A

when you say test results were significant and it wasn’t. No difference You reject the null hypothesis but shouldn’t have.

78
Q

A type II error is?

A

When we report no difference when there is actually significant difference. We should have rejected Null hypothesis but we didn’t

79
Q

Semicircular canalas deal with what kind of rotation?

A

Circular

80
Q

What part of the inner ear is sensitive to linear acceleration?

A

Vestibule

81
Q

Sound goes through which media?

A

Perilymph

82
Q

What organ has all the hair cells on it?

A

Organ of corti

83
Q

What is the excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

A

Glutamate

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