BIO CHEM 1 Flashcards by ROLLIE ESTEVES

Which of the following statements about the regulation of a metabolic pathway is correct?

Most metabolic pathways are not regulated.

Regulation of metabolic pathways always involves changing the amount of enzymes.

Metabolic regulation always depends on control by hormones.

Most metabolic pathways are regulated.

Most metabolic pathways are regulated

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Which of the following correctly exhibits an example of metabolic control?

In cases where the direction of a metabolic pathway has to be reversed the pathway is controlled at an irreversible step.

Regulatory changes in a pathway always occur slowly over periods of several hours or more.

Enzymes which are controlled are always those which catalyse the first reaction of the pathway.

Most enzyme control mechanisms are irreversible.

In cases where the direction of a metabolic pathway has to be reversed the pathway is controlled at an irreversible step.

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Which of the following statements about the control of enzyme activity by phosphorylation is correct?

Phosphorylation of an enzyme is not a reversible process since it is a covalent modification.

Phosphorylation of an enzyme occurs by protein phosphatases.

Phosphorylation of an enzyme is an intracellular process and cannot occur in response to external signals.

Phosphorylation of an enzyme results in a conformational change.

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Which of the following statements about the integration of fat and carbohydrate metabolism control is correct?

High insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits lipogenesis in liver.

High insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in muscle

Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes.

Insulin-dependent glucose transporters are recruited to their functional membrane site when insulin levels are low.

Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes.

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Which type of metabolic fuel is utilised for generating glucose under conditions of severe starvation?

Glycogen.
Fats.
Starch.
Amino acids.

Amino acids.

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Liver glycogen is used in fasting to provide glucose for use by other tissues including the brain. Muscle glycogen is not. What is the explanation for this?

Muscle does not have a debranching enzyme.

Muscle cannot degrade glycogen further than glucose-1-phosphate.

Muscle lacks glucose-6-phosphatase.

The liver provides all the glucose necessary for metabolism and there is no need for muscle to do the same.

Muscle lacks glucose-6-phosphatase.

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Which is true of brain metabolism in starvation?

The brain can only use glucose as fuel.

Up to a quarter of the energy requirement of the brain can come from fatty acids.

Up to half the energy requirement of the brain can be met by ketone bodies.

The brain can use glucogenic amino acids for energy.

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Which of the following statements about the control of enzyme activity by phosphorylation is correct?

Enzyme control by phosphorylation is irreversible.

Phosphorylation of enzymes is carried out by phosphoprotein phosphatases.

Phosphorylation of enzymes only occurs at specific tyrosine residues.

Phosphorylation of an enzyme results in a conformational change.

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Which of the following statements about the control of muscle glycogen phosphorylase is correct?

Muscle glycogen phosphorylase is allosterically activated by cAMP.

Muscle glycogen phosphorylase is allosterically activated by ATP.

Muscle glycogen phosphorylase normally exists in the a form.

Muscle glycogen phosphorylase is activated by phosphorylation by an active phosphorylase kinase.

Muscle glycogen phosphorylase is activated by phosphorylation by an active phosphorylase kinase

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Which of the following statements about the control of glycogen synthase are correct? Please select all that apply.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 is inactivated by a protein phosphatase.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 is activated in the presence of insulin.

PKA and glycogen synthase kinase 3 phosphorylate glycogen synthase at different sites.

The phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3 is inhibited by insulin.

Insulin activates protein kinase B which phosphorylates glycogen synthase.

THESE 3 ARE CORRECT

PKA and glycogen synthase kinase 3 phosphorylate glycogen synthase at different sites.

The phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3 is inhibited by insulin.

Insulin activates protein kinase B which phosphorylates glycogen synthase.

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Regulated metabolic pathways are:

irreversible.
committed after the first step.
usually regulated at the first step.
compartmentalized in eukaryotes.
All of the above are correct.

All of the above are correct.

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Each reaction in a metabolic pathway is:

controlled by the end product.
catalyzed by a specific enzyme.
irreversible.
reversible.
linked to at least two other pathways.

catalyzed by a specific enzyme.

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The hormones, glucagon and epinephrine, stimulate glycogen breakdown to G-6-P

directly, by binding to glycogen phosphorylase.

indirectly, by first stimulating adenylate cyclase to make cAMP.

only in the liver.

only in muscle cells.

using ATP as the phosphoryl donor.

indirectly, by first stimulating adenylate cyclase to make cAMP.

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Activation of the ___ kinase results in the activation of ___ kinase and thereby the phosphorylation of both glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase.

pyruvate, phosphorylase

phosphorylase, cAMP-dependent protein

cAMP-dependent protein, phosphorylase

cAMP-dependent protein, pyruvate

None of the above.

cAMP-dependent protein, phosphorylase

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When it functions as a “second messenger”, cAMP

acts outside the cell to influence cellular processes.
acts “second in importance” to AMP.
activates all cytosolic protein kinases.
activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
binds to calmodulin causing it to bind Ca2+.

activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

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The major free energy sources for anabolic pathways are:

ATP and NADPH.
ATP and NADP+.
ADP and NADPH.
ADP and NADP+.
AMP or NADPH.

ATP and NADPH.

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Which of the following compounds is responsible for coordinated regulation of glucose and glycogen metabolism?

NADH
NAD+
acetyl-CoA
fructose 2,6 bis-phosphate
fructose 1,6 bis-phosphate

fructose 2,6 bis-phosphate

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Opposing degradative and biosynthetic pathways:

use the same enzymes for many steps.

use different enzymes for steps that require large energy changes.

are coordinately regulated at the steps that use different enzymes.

are used in both directions in most organisms.

all of the above

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Which out of the following statements is true about regulation of metabolic pathway?

Most of the metabolic pathways are regulated

Most of the metabolic pathways are not regulated

Regulation of metabolic pathways always involves changing the amount of enzymes

Metabolic regulation always depends on control by hormones

Most of the metabolic pathways are regulated

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The rate of breakdown of metabolites is termed as:

Metabolic state
Metabolism
Steady state
Homeostasis

Steady state

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Diminished delivery of oxygen to tissues is termed as:

Hypoxia
Ischemia
Homeostasis
Metabolism

Hypoxia

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Diminished flow of blood to tissues is termed as:

Hypoxia
Ischemia
Homeostasis
Metabolism

Ischemia

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Which of the following statements is true about the control of muscle glycogen phosphorylase?

It is activated by phosphorylation by an active phosphorylase kinase

t is allosterically activated by ATP

It is allosterically activated by cAMP

Normally it exists in active form

It is activated by phosphorylation by an active phosphorylase kinase

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Which of the following is not a factor determining the activity of an enzyme?
Association with regulatory protein
Sequestration
Allosteric regulation
Nucleotides

Nucleotides

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Which of the following statements is true? High insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in muscle High insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits lipolysis in liver High insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes

Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes

Which of the following type of metabolite is used for generating glucose under severe starvation conditions? Amino acids Fats Glycogen Starch

Amino acids

Which of the following statements is true about brain metabolism in starvation? The brain can use glucogenic amino acids for energy The brain can only use glucose as fuel Up to a quarter of energy requirement of the brain can come from fatty acids Up to a half of energy requirement of the brain can come from ketone bodies

The brain can use glucogenic amino acids for energy

One of the following statements about the control of enzyme activity by phosphorylation is correct. Phosphorylation of an enzyme results in conformational change Phosphorylation of an enzyme occurs only at specific tyrosine residues Phosphorylation of an enzyme is carried out by phosphoprotein phosphatases Enzyme control by phosphorylation is irreversible

Phosphorylation of an enzyme results in conformational change

What makes water a liquid at room temperature? Hydrogen bonds between water molecules Covalent bonding Noncovalent interactions Van der Waals forces of attraction

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules

ΔG is negative for which of the following processes? Melting of ice and evaporation of water Oxidation of nitrogen Oxidation of gold Burning of chlorine

Melting of ice and evaporation of water

ΔH is positive for which of the following processes? Oxidation of nitrogen Melting of ice and evaporation of water Oxidation of gold Burning of chlorine

Melting of ice and evaporation of water

What is the factor that is responsible for salts like NaCl to dissolve in water easily? Decrease in entropy Increase in entropy Increase in enthalpy Decrease in enthalpy

Increase in entropy

Heat of vaporization of water is 2260 J/g 2260 kJ/g 1260 J/g 1260 kJ/g

2260 J/g

The bond dissociation energy of hydrogen bonds in a water molecule is 470 kJ/mole 470 J/mole 23 kJ/mole 23 J/mole

23 kJ/mole

The bond dissociation energy of O-H bond in a water molecule is 23 kJ/mole 470 kJ/mole 470 J/mole 23 J/mole

470 kJ/mole

Which of the following is a hypertonic solution? Oceans Freshwater habitats 0.45% sodium chloride Red blood cells placed in fresh water

Oceans

Which of the following is a hypotonic solution? 10% dextrose in water 0.45% sodium chloride 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride Oceans

0.45% sodium chloride

Which of the following is an isotonic solution? 0.9% sodium chloride 0.45% sodium chloride Oceans 10% dextrose in water

0.9% sodium chloride

What is the concentration of OH– in a solution with a H+ concentration of 1.3×10-4 M? 7. 7×10-10 M 7. 7×10-9 M 7. 7×10-11 M 7. 7×10-12 M

7.7×10-11 M

Identify the triprotic acid from the following: Carbonic acid Bicarbonate Glycine Phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid

Which of the following acids has the lowest pKa value? Acetic acid Sulphuric acid Dil.HCl Oxalic acid

Sulphuric acid

Which of the following bases has the highest pKa value? NaOH NaNO3 KNO3 KCl

NaOH

The degree of ionization does not depend on? Temperature Current Nature of solvent Concentration

Current

The hydrolysis constant of CH3COONa is given by: ``` Kh = Kw/Ka Kh = Kw/Kb Kh = Kw/Ka×Kb Kh = Ka + Kb ```

Kh = Kw/Ka

K1 and K2 for oxalic acid are 6.5×10-2 and 6.1×10-5respectively. What will be the [OH–] in a 0.01M solution of sodium oxalate? 9. 6×10-6 1. 4×10-1 1. 2×10-6 1. 3×10-8

1.2×10-6

If pKb for fluoride at 25°c is 10.83, the ionization constant of hydrofluoric acid in water at this temperature is: 3. 52×10-3 6. 75×10-4 5. 38×10-2 1. 74×10-5

6.75×10-4

Aqueous solution of the detergents are: Neutral Acidic Basic Amphoteric

Basic

If pH of solution of NaOH is 12.0 the pH of H2SO4 solution of same molarity will be: 2. 0 12. 0 1. 7 10. 0387

1.7

Which can act as buffer? NH4Cl + HCl CH3COOH + H2CO3 40ml of 0.1M NaCN + 20ml of 0.1M HCN NaCl + NaOH

40ml of 0.1M NaCN + 20ml of 0.1M HCN

Calculate the pH of a mixture of 0.10M acetic acid and 0.20M sodium acetate. The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76. 5. 1 4. 1 6. 1 7. 1

5.1

51. Calculate the pKa of lactic acid, given that when the concentration of lactic acid is 0.010M and the concentration of lactate is 0.087M, the pH is 4.80 4. 0 3. 9 3. 3 4. 1

3.9

Calculate the ratio of the concentrations of acetate and acetic acid required in a buffer system of pH 5.30. 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 3. 5

3.5

Assertion A: pH of a buffer solution solution does not change on dilution. Reason R: On dilution the ration of concentration of salt and acid (or base) remains unchanged. A and R are true, R is the correct explanation of A A and R are true, R is not correct explanation of A A is true but R is false A is false but R is true

A and R are true, R is the correct explanation of

Which of the following mixture in aqueous solution of equimolar concentration acts as a buffer solution? HNO3 + NaOH H2SO4 + KOH NH4OH(excess) + HCl

NH4OH(excess) + HCl

1M NaCl and 1M HCl are present in an aqueous solution. The solution is: Not a buffer solution with pH < 7 Not a buffer solution with pH > 7 A buffer solution with pH < 7 A buffer solution with pH > 7

Not a buffer solution with pH < 7

For an acid buffer solution the pH is 3. The pH can be increased by: Increasing the concentration of salt Increasing the concentration of acid Decreasing the concentration of salt Independent of concentration of acid & salt

Increasing the concentration of salt

The buffer capacity is equal to: Δn / ΔpH pH / Δn ± 1pKa ± 2pKa

± 1pKa

Buffer capacity is maximum when: One mole of NH4Cl is added to two moles of NH4 OH One mole of NH4Cl is added to one moles of NH4 OH One mole of NH4Cl is added to one mole of NaOH One mole of NaCl is added to one mole of NaOH

One mole of NH4Cl is added to one moles of NH4 OH

A) CuSO4 + 5H2O → CuSO4.5H2O B) PCl3 + 3H2O → H3PO3 + 3HCl The processes A and B are respectively: Hydration and dehydration Hydration and hydrolysis Hydrolysis and hydrolysis Hydration and hydration

Hydration and hydrolysis

Which of the following is not a condensation reaction? ADP + inorganic phosphate ATP + H2O R-OH + inorganic phosphate phosphate ester + H2O R-COOH + inorganic phosphate Acyl phosphate + H2O 6CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6CO2

6CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6CO2

Which of the following is the correct equation? CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 CO2 + H2O → HCO3 CO2 + H2O → H3CO3 CO2 + H2O → H2CO2

CO2 + H2O → H2CO3

Consider the following reaction, in the presence of light 2H2O + 2X → O2 + 2XH2 Which of the following statements is true? X is electron-accepting specie X is electron-donating specie Water is an electron acceptor Water neither donates nor accepts any electron

X is electron-accepting specie

Hydrolysis reactions are catalyzed by enzymes called: Oxidoreductase Ligase Hydrolase Isomerase

Hydrolase

What does it mean when we say that water acts as a “heat buffer”? It keeps the temperature of an organism relatively constant as the temperature of the surroundings fluctuates. It increases the temperature of an organism as the temperature of the surroundings increases It decreases the temperature of an organism as the temperature of the surroundings increases It increases the temperature of an organism as the temperature of the surroundings decreases

It keeps the temperature of an organism relatively constant as the temperature of the surroundings fluctuates.

Which of the following does not react with water? Barium Calcium Beryllium Strontium

Beryllium

What trend does the reactivity of group II elements follow with water? Increases down the group Decreases down the group Does not follow any particular trend No reaction

Increases down the group

Which among the following statements is true about the following chemical reaction? 3Fe(s) + 4H2O → Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 Iron metal is getting reduced. Water is acting as a reducing agent Water is acting as an oxidizing agent Water is getting oxidized

Water is acting as an oxidizing agent

Identify the products formed in the following reaction CH3COOCH3 + H2O → A + B CH3COOH and CH3OH CH3COOOH and CH4 CO2 and C2H6 No reaction

CH3COOH and CH3OH

Identify the amino acids containing nonpolar, aliphatic R groups Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan Glycine, alanine, leucine Lysine, arginine, histidine Serine, threonine, cysteine

Glycine, alanine, leucine

The two amino acids having R groups with a negative net charge at pH 7.0 are Aspartate and glutamate Arginine and histidine Cysteine and methionine Proline and valine

Aspartate and glutamate

If pK1 = 2.34 and pK2 = 9.60, then the isoelectric point pI is 5. 87 5. 97 3. 67 11. 94

5.97

Which of the following is a true statement? Tryptophan and tyrosine are significantly more polar than phenylalanine Leucine is commonly used as an ingredient in the buffers of SDS page Aspartate is an essential amino acid Lysine is a non-essential amino acid

Tryptophan and tyrosine are significantly more polar than phenylalanine

Which among the following is a non-essential amino acid? Serine Threonine Lysine Histidine

Serine

Which of the following is an essential amino acid? Cysteine Asparagine Glutamine Phenylalanine

Phenylalanine

Which of the following is an imino acid? Alanine Glycine Proline Serine

Proline

Which among the following is both glucogenic and ketogenic? Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Histidine

Isoleucine

An amino acid that yields acetoacetyl CoA during the catabolism of its carbon skeleton will be considered Glycogenic Ketogenic Both glycogenic and ketogenic Essential

Ketogenic

Number of chiral centers in isoleucine is 1 2 3 4

During the formation of the peptide bond which of the following takes place? Hydroxyl group is lost from its carboxyl group of one amino acid and a hydrogen atom is lost from its amino group of another amino acid Hydrogen atom is lost from its carboxyl group of one amino acid and a hydroxyl group is lost from its amino group of another amino acid Hydroxyl group is lost from its carboxyl group of one amino acid and a hydroxyl group is lost from its amino group of another amino acid Hydrogen atom is lost from its carboxyl group of one amino acid and a hydrogen atom is lost from its amino group of another amino acid

Hydroxyl group is lost from its carboxyl group of one amino acid and a hydrogen atom is lost from its amino group of another amino acid

Peptide bond is a Covalent bond Ionic bond Metallic bond Hydrogen bond

Covalent bond

A tripeptide has 3 amino acids and 1 peptide bond 3 amino acids and 2 peptide bonds 3 amino acids and 3 peptide bonds 3 amino acids and 4 peptide bonds

3 amino acids and 2 peptide bonds

The factor which does not affect pKa value of an amino acid is The loss of charge in the α-carboxyl and α-amino groups The interactions with other peptide R groups Other environmental factors Molecular weight

Molecular weight

Which of the following is a 39-residue hormone of the anterior pituitary gland? Corticotropin Glucagon nsulin Bradykinin

Corticotropin

The average molecular weight of an amino acid residue in a protein is about 128 118 110 120

110

Which of the following is not the classified form of conjugated proteins? Lipoproteins Glycoproteins Metalloproteins Complete proteins

Complete proteins

Which part of the amino acid gives it uniqueness? Amino group Carboxyl group Side chain None

Side chain

Which of the following information is responsible to specify the three-dimensional shape of a protein? The protein’s peptide bond The protein’s amino acid sequence The protein’s interaction with other polypeptides The protein’s interaction with molecular chaperons

The protein’s amino acid sequence

Unfolding of a protein can be termed as Renaturation Denaturation Oxidation Reduction

Denaturation

What are the following is not a factor responsible for denaturation of proteins? pH change Organic solvents Heat Charge

Charge

The salt which produces salting out effect during extraction of proteins is NH4SO4 (NH4)2SO4 (NH4)3SO4 NaCl

(NH4)2SO4

In chromatography, a mobile phase can be Only solid Only gas Solid or liquid Liquid or gas

Liquid or gas

The pattern on paper in chromatography is called Chroming Chroma Chromatograph Chromatogram

Chromatogram

Which of the following statements about column chromatography is correct? Resolution increases as the length of the column increases Mobile phase is a porous solid material with appropriate chemical properties held in the column Stationary phase is a buffered solution that percolates through mobile phase Large proteins emerge from the column sooner than small ones

Resolution increases as the length of the column increases

Which of the following statements is true about size-exclusion chromatography? During the separation of a mixture of proteins, protein with smallest molecular weight is eluted first During the separation of a mixture of proteins, protein with largest molecular weight is eluted first During the separation of a mixture of proteins, protein with largest molecular weight is eluted last During the separation of a mixture of proteins, protein with largest molecular weight flow around the beads

During the separation of a mixture of proteins, protein with largest molecular weight is eluted first

Which of the following statements is true about affinity chromatography? During the separation of a mixture of proteins, the protein which does not bind to ligand is eluted first During the separation of a mixture of proteins, the protein which does not bind to ligand is eluted last During the separation of a mixture of proteins, the protein which binds to ligand is eluted first Unwanted proteins are eluted by ligand solution

During the separation of a mixture of proteins, the protein which does not bind to ligand is eluted first

Which of the following statements is true about ion-exchange chromatography? It separates proteins according to their size The column matrix with bound anionic groups is called cationic exchanger The column matrix with bound anionic groups is called anionic exchanger The column matrix with bound cationic groups is called cationic exchanger

The column matrix with bound anionic groups is called cationic exchanger

Which of the following statements is true about SDS polyacrylamide chromatography? SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separates proteins on the basis of size SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separates proteins on the basis of charge SDS binds to proteins non-covalently with a stoichiometry of around one SDS molecule per three amino acids SDS binds to proteins non-covalently with a stoichiometry of around one SDS molecule per one amino acid

SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separates proteins on the basis of charge

Which of the following statements is true about two-dimensional electrophoresis? Separates proteins of identical molecular weight, same pI but different charge Separates proteins of different molecular weight and different pI Separates proteins of identical molecular weight that differ in pI Isoelectric focusing is also termed as two-dimensional electrophoresis

Separates proteins of identical molecular weight that differ in pI

Which of the following statements is false? The term activity refers to the total units of enzyme in a solution The specific activity is a measure of enzyme purity Specific activity increases during purification of an enzyme and becomes maximal and constant when the enzyme is pure Specific activity decreases during purification of an enzyme and becomes maximal and constant when the enzyme is pure

Specific activity decreases during purification of an enzyme and becomes maximal and constant when the enzyme is pure

Which of the following statements is false? Primary structure of a protein determines how it folds up into a unique three dimensional structure Secondary structure of a protein determines how it folds up into a unique three dimensional structure Three dimensional structure of a protein determines the function of a protein Amino acid sequence is absolutely invariant for a particular protein

Secondary structure of a protein determines how it folds up into a unique three dimensional structure

Who deduced the double-helical structure of DNA? Frederick Sanger Mendel Watson and Francis Crick Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Watson and Francis Crick

Two chains of amino acids in an insulin molecule are held together by Sulfide bridges Disulfide bridges Peptide bond Covalent linkage

Disulfide bridges

Tertiary conformation of proteins is maintained by 3 types of bonds namely ionic, hydrogen and: Sulfide Disulfide Covalent Peptide

Disulfide

Hemoglobin is a Monomer Dimer Trimer Tetramer

Tetramer

Which of the following is false? The two main types of secondary structure are the α helix and β pleet structures α helix is a right handed coiled strand The hydrogen bonding in a β-sheet is between strands rather than within strands The hydrogen bonding in a β-sheet is within strands rather than between strands

The hydrogen bonding in a β-sheet is within strands rather than between strands

Native state of a protein can be disrupted by Temperature pH Removal of water Presence of hydrophilic surfaces

Presence of hydrophilic surfaces

Which of the following is true? The disulfide bridges formed by reduction of the sulfhydryl groups on cysteine stabilizes protein tertiary structure The disulfide bridges formed by oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups on cysteine destabilizes protein tertiary structure The disulfide bridges formed by oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups on cysteine stabilizes protein tertiary structure The disulfide bridges formed by reduction of the sulfhydryl groups on cysteine destabilizes protein tertiary structure

The disulfide bridges formed by oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups on cysteine stabilizes protein tertiary structure

Identify the wrong statement Hemoglobin is a globular protein Hemoglobin is a fibrous protein Fibrous proteins are insoluble in water Collagen is a fibrous protein

Hemoglobin is a fibrous protein

In 3° structure of proteins, folding and shaping is done by Hydrophobic interactions Polar interactions Hydrogen bonding None of the mentioned

Hydrophobic interactions

BIO CHEM 1 Flashcards

(109 cards)