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GR12 Alessandra's 2nd Quarter > BIO|Digestive System > Flashcards

BIO|Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

is a network of organs that help
you digest and absorb
nutrients from your food.

A

digestive system

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2
Q

digestive system includes:(2)

A

gastrointestinal (GI) tract
and your biliary system

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3
Q

a series of hollow organs that are all
connected to each other, leading from your mouth to your anus.

A

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

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4
Q

is a network of three organs that deliver bile and enzymes through to your GI
tract your bile ducts.

A

biliary system

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5
Q

three organs of biliary system

A

liver
gallbladder
pancreas

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6
Q

is the process of mechanically and
enzymatically breaking down food into
substances for absorption into the bloodstream.

A

Digestion

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7
Q

involves physically breaking down food
substances into smaller particles
to more efficiently undergo
chemical digestion.

A

Mechanical digestion

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8
Q

The role of ______is to further degrade the molecular structure of the ingested compounds by digestive enzymes into a form that is absorbable into the bloodstream.

A

chemical digestion

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9
Q

Why is digestion important?

A

Digestion is important because your body needs nutrients from food and drink to work properly and stay healthy. Your digestive system breaks nutrients
into parts small enough for your body to absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair.

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10
Q

4 Stages to food processing

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

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11
Q

taking in/eating of food

A

Ingestion

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12
Q

breaking down food(mechanically/chemically) into
nutrients

A

Digestion

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13
Q

taking in of nutrients by cells

A

Absorption

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14
Q

removal of undigested food and waste products of digestion

A

Elimination

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15
Q

Digestion begins immediately in
the _______ with both mechanical
and chemical digestion.

A

mouth

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16
Q

Mechanical digestion in the oral
cavity consists of grinding of food
into smaller pieces by the teeth, a
process called _____________.

A

mastication

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17
Q

Chemical digestion in the mouth is
minor but consists of ______________________________ and_____________, both contained in the saliva.

A

salivary amylase (ptyalin or alphaamylase)
lingual lipase

18
Q

After sufficient digestion in the oral
cavity, the partially digested
foodstuff, or_______, is swallowed
into the esophagus

A

bolus

19
Q

connects the mouth to the stomach.

A

A tube (about 25 cm long)

20
Q

Located in your throat near your trachea (windpipe), the _______ receives
food from your mouth when you swallow.

A

esophagus

21
Q

windpipe

A

trachea

22
Q

A series of muscular contractions within the esophagus called peristalsis delivers food to your stomach.

A

peristalsis

23
Q

the expanded organ located
between the esophagus and
the small intestine.

A

stomach

24
Q

It is a muscular organ, elastic,
pear-shaped organ that is
about 30.5 cm long and 15.2
cm wide. The stomach’s
capacity is about 1 liter.

A

stomach

25
Q

The stomach performs three
functions:

A

stores swallowed food
mixes the food with the digestive juice it reduces
and conveys its contents slowly into the small intestine

26
Q

Mechanical digestion in the stomach occurs via ________________ of
the smooth muscle from the _____towards the contracted ______,
termed________.

A

peristaltic contractions
fundus
pylorus
propulsion

27
Q

There is significant chemical digestion in the stomach. Two types of glands exist in the _____________ that aid in chemical digestion: _________________ and_______________.

A

gastric mucosa
oxyntic glands
pyloric glands

28
Q

The majority of chemical digestion occurs in the_______________. A muscular
tube that is small in diameter (2.5 cm) but approximately 7 meters in length.

The muscles of the ____________ mix food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, and push the mixture forward for further digestion.

A

small intestine

29
Q

The walls of the small intestine absorb water and the digested nutrients into your bloodstream. As peristalsis
continues, the waste products of the digestive process move into the _______

It secretes enzymes such as ______, _____, and _______for the digestion into ______________;

A

large intestine
maltase
sucrose
lactase
monosaccharides

30
Q

__________that digests peptide molecules into amino acids; and _________for the digestion of nucleic acids into sugar and
nitrogenous bases.

A

Peptidase
nuclease

31
Q

By the time food leaves the small intestine, around ____ of all nutrients have been extracted from the food that
entered.

A

90%

32
Q

The ______________ is the first segment of the small intestine. It’s largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process.

To help break food down, the duodenum receives digestive juices from other organs in your digestive system,
including your liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Ducts from these organs feed
into the _____________. The absorption of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients
begins in the ____________.

A

duodenum (25 cm)

33
Q

produces bile (green liquid) to emulsify
fats in the chyme in the small intestine into globules.

A

liver

34
Q

is stored in the gallbladder

A

Bile

35
Q

secretes digestive enzymes to break
down protein, fats, and carbohydrates. It also converts starch into maltose; fats into fatty acids and glycerol; proteins
into amino acids; and nucleic acids into
nucleotides.

A

pancreas

36
Q

The main function of the
________________ absorption of important nutrients such as sugars, fatty acids, and
amino acids.

A

jejunum ( 1.4 m)

37
Q

the involuntary contraction of smooth
muscles that moves nutrients through the digestive system, is vigorous and quick in the jejunum. Nutrients
absorbed by the jejunum enter the bloodstream, where they can then be
distributed to the organs of the body.

A

Peristalsis

38
Q

The last portion of the small intestine is the ileum which has fewer villi and
basically compacts the leftovers to pass through cecum through large intestine.

It absorbs any final nutrients, with major
absorptive products being ______ and ________

A

ileum
vitamin B12 and bile acids

39
Q

_______ from the digestive process include undigested parts of food, fluid, and older cells from the lining
of your GI tract.

A

Waste products

40
Q

The____________________ absorbs
water and changes the waste from liquid into stool. Peristalsis helps move the stool into your ________.

A

large intestine or colon
rectum

41
Q

All leftover waste is compacted and
stored at the end of the large intestine
called the _________.

A

rectum

42
Q

When full, the anal sphincter loosens
and the waste, called ______, passes
out of the body through the anus.

A

feces

GR12 Alessandra's 2nd Quarter (19 decks)

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