BIO|Digestive System

Question 1

is a network of organs that help
you digest and absorb
nutrients from your food.

Answer 1

digestive system

Question 2

digestive system includes:(2)

Answer 2

gastrointestinal (GI) tract
and your biliary system

Question 3

a series of hollow organs that are all
connected to each other, leading from your mouth to your anus.

Answer 3

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Question 4

is a network of three organs that deliver bile and enzymes through to your GI
tract your bile ducts.

Answer 4

biliary system

Question 5

three organs of biliary system

Answer 5

liver
gallbladder
pancreas

Question 6

is the process of mechanically and
enzymatically breaking down food into
substances for absorption into the bloodstream.

Answer 6

Digestion

Question 7

involves physically breaking down food
substances into smaller particles
to more efficiently undergo
chemical digestion.

Answer 7

Mechanical digestion

Question 8

The role of ______is to further degrade the molecular structure of the ingested compounds by digestive enzymes into a form that is absorbable into the bloodstream.

Answer 8

chemical digestion

Question 9

Why is digestion important?

Answer 9

Digestion is important because your body needs nutrients from food and drink to work properly and stay healthy. Your digestive system breaks nutrients
into parts small enough for your body to absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair.

Question 10

4 Stages to food processing

Answer 10

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

Question 11

taking in/eating of food

Answer 11

Ingestion

Question 12

breaking down food(mechanically/chemically) into
nutrients

Answer 12

Digestion

Question 13

taking in of nutrients by cells

Answer 13

Absorption

Question 14

removal of undigested food and waste products of digestion

Answer 14

Elimination

Question 15

Digestion begins immediately in
the _______ with both mechanical
and chemical digestion.

Answer 15

mouth

Question 16

Mechanical digestion in the oral
cavity consists of grinding of food
into smaller pieces by the teeth, a
process called _____________.

Answer 16

mastication

Question 17

Chemical digestion in the mouth is
minor but consists of ______________________________ and_____________, both contained in the saliva.

Answer 17

salivary amylase (ptyalin or alphaamylase)
lingual lipase

Question 18

After sufficient digestion in the oral
cavity, the partially digested
foodstuff, or_______, is swallowed
into the esophagus

Answer 18

bolus

Question 19

connects the mouth to the stomach.

Answer 19

A tube (about 25 cm long)

Question 20

Located in your throat near your trachea (windpipe), the _______ receives
food from your mouth when you swallow.

Answer 20

esophagus

Question 21

windpipe

Answer 21

trachea

Question 22

A series of muscular contractions within the esophagus called peristalsis delivers food to your stomach.

Answer 22

peristalsis

Question 23

the expanded organ located
between the esophagus and
the small intestine.

Answer 23

stomach

Question 24

It is a muscular organ, elastic,
pear-shaped organ that is
about 30.5 cm long and 15.2
cm wide. The stomach’s
capacity is about 1 liter.

Answer 24

stomach

Question 25

The stomach performs three functions:

Answer 25

stores swallowed food mixes the food with the digestive juice it reduces and conveys its contents slowly into the small intestine

Question 26

Mechanical digestion in the stomach occurs via ________________ of the smooth muscle from the _____towards the contracted ______, termed________.

Answer 26

peristaltic contractions fundus pylorus propulsion

Question 27

There is significant chemical digestion in the stomach. Two types of glands exist in the _____________ that aid in chemical digestion: _________________ and_______________.

Answer 27

gastric mucosa oxyntic glands pyloric glands

Question 28

The majority of chemical digestion occurs in the_______________. A muscular tube that is small in diameter (2.5 cm) but approximately 7 meters in length. The muscles of the ____________ mix food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, and push the mixture forward for further digestion.

Answer 28

small intestine

Question 29

The walls of the small intestine absorb water and the digested nutrients into your bloodstream. As peristalsis continues, the waste products of the digestive process move into the _______ It secretes enzymes such as ______, _____, and _______for the digestion into ______________;

Answer 29

large intestine maltase sucrose lactase monosaccharides

Question 30

__________that digests peptide molecules into amino acids; and _________for the digestion of nucleic acids into sugar and nitrogenous bases.

Answer 30

Peptidase nuclease

Question 31

By the time food leaves the small intestine, around ____ of all nutrients have been extracted from the food that entered.

Answer 31

90%

Question 32

The ______________ is the first segment of the small intestine. It’s largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process. To help break food down, the duodenum receives digestive juices from other organs in your digestive system, including your liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Ducts from these organs feed into the _____________. The absorption of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients begins in the ____________.

Answer 32

duodenum (25 cm)

Question 33

produces bile (green liquid) to emulsify fats in the chyme in the small intestine into globules.

Answer 33

liver

Question 34

is stored in the gallbladder

Answer 34

Bile

Question 35

secretes digestive enzymes to break down protein, fats, and carbohydrates. It also converts starch into maltose; fats into fatty acids and glycerol; proteins into amino acids; and nucleic acids into nucleotides.

Answer 35

pancreas

Question 36

The main function of the ________________ absorption of important nutrients such as sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids.

Answer 36

jejunum ( 1.4 m)

Question 37

the involuntary contraction of smooth muscles that moves nutrients through the digestive system, is vigorous and quick in the jejunum. Nutrients absorbed by the jejunum enter the bloodstream, where they can then be distributed to the organs of the body.

Answer 37

Peristalsis

Question 38

The last portion of the small intestine is the ileum which has fewer villi and basically compacts the leftovers to pass through cecum through large intestine. It absorbs any final nutrients, with major absorptive products being ______ and ________

Answer 38

ileum vitamin B12 and bile acids

Question 39

_______ from the digestive process include undigested parts of food, fluid, and older cells from the lining of your GI tract.

Answer 39

Waste products

Question 40

The____________________ absorbs water and changes the waste from liquid into stool. Peristalsis helps move the stool into your ________.

Answer 40

large intestine or colon rectum

Question 41

All leftover waste is compacted and stored at the end of the large intestine called the _________.

Answer 41

rectum

Question 42

When full, the anal sphincter loosens and the waste, called ______, passes out of the body through the anus.

Answer 42

feces