bio exam 3 Flashcards by Mr pobogames

Which of the following best describes the flow of visual information that occurs within the retina?

A) Photoreceptors respond and send excitatory or inhibitory information to retinal ganglion cells via bipolar cells

B) Light signals are first processed in retinal ganglion cells, which form synapses with photoreceptors

C) Horizontal and amacrine cells modify the flow of information via axons in the optic nerve

D) Signals pass directly from photoreceptors to ganglion cells

E) Action potentials from bipolar cells pass information to photoreceptors cells before reaching ganglion cells

A) Photoreceptors respond and send excitatory or inhibitory information to retinal ganglion cells via bipolar cells

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The AR gene in humans codes for the androgen receptor and is located on the X chromosome. Someone with a single mutated AR gene will most likely have…

A) Male secondary sex characteristics if the person has an extra Y chromosome and so has and XXY genotype

B) Female secondary sex characteristics if the person either has an XX or XY genotype

C) Male secondary sex characteristics if the person’s genotype is XY, but female if the secondary sex characteristics with an XX genotype

D) Undifferentiated secondary sex characteristics if the person has an XY genotype due to the lack of test

E) female secondary sex characteristics if the person is XXY

B) Female secondary sex characteristics if the person either has an XX or XY genotype

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Which part of the pituitary makes and secretes its own hormones?

A) Adrenal Gland

B) Portal blood vessels

C) Hypothalamus

D) Anterior Pituitary

E) Posterior Pituitary

D) Anterior Pituitary

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If all blood flow in the portal blood vessels between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is blocked, one possible consequence should be…

A) increased rate of growth

B) production of large amounts of dilute urine

C) an interruption in female ovulation

D) lack of milk flow in a nursing mother

E) absence of uterine contractions during childbirth

C) an interruption in female ovulation

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If a person had a tumor that caused over secretion of the posterior pituitary, which hormone would have elevated levels?

A) Aldosterone

B) Insulin

C) calcitonin

D) Ecdysone

E) Oxytocin

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Which condition would induce hyperemia?

A) High O2

B) Decreased H+

C) Decreased adenosine

D) Low CO2

E) Increased lactic acid

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Which of the following facilitates the return of blood to the heart?

A) Muscles involve in inhalation

B) Squeezing of veins by contractions of smooth muscles of the digestive track

C) Contraction of the ventricles

D) Gravity in the veins below the heart when sittings

E) One way valves in the arteries that prevent backlow

A) Muscles involve in inhalation

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Atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg, and partial pressure of O2 is 159 mm Hg, another town has an atmospheric pressure of 600 mm Hg, what would the partial pressure of O2 here be?

A) 21

B) 75

C) 76

D) 126

E) 160

D) 126

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Which hormone stimulates the kidney to conserve calcium and stimulates the synthesis of calcitriol from vitamin D?

A) Calcitonin

B) Insulin

C) Oxytocin

D) Ecdysone

E) Parathyroid Hormone

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The Bohr effect is the phenomenon whereby decrease in ___ cause hemoglobin to ___ o2

A) Ph ; hold onto

B) hydrogen ion concentration ; release

C) pH ; release

D) BPG ; release

E) temperature ; bind to

C) pH ; release

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How does cotransport of sodium in a symporter facilitate glucose absorption?

A) Active transport of sodium aids in salt intake

B) When sodium ions diffuse out of the cell, they are exchanged for glucose moving into cells

C) ATP is used to actively transport glucose into cells along with sodium tissues

D) When sodium ions are pumped into cells, glucose moves out of cells

E) When sodium ions diffuse into cells, glucose is carried along with it

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The hormone secretin….

A) whose release is stimulated by the nervous system

B) triggers pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate ions into the small intestine

C) secreted by the stomach

D) secreted by the pancreas

E) triggers the intestine to release enzymes

B) triggers pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate ions into the small intestine

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Which tissue does not switch fuel sources from glucose to fatty acids during the postabsorptive state?

A) skeletal muscle

B) cardiac muscle

C) neural

D) epithelial

E) adipose

C) neural

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Chylomicrons are produced in the…

A) lumen of the small intestine

B) epithelial cells of the small intestine

C) liver

D) stomach

E) mouth

B) epithelial cells of the small intestine

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The __ of a ganglion cell in the retina results from a pattern of synapses between photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells.

A) binocular field

B) visual field

C) three-dimensional field

D) visual column

E) receptive field

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People who take antacids on a regular basis are likely to impair their absorption of protein nutrients primarily because…

A) the higher pH of the stomach will prevent lipase from being activated

B) their stomach will secrete less pepsin

C) the lower pH of the stomach will inhibit activation of protein digestion enzymes

D) lower amounts of proteases will be activated by HCI and autolysis

E)the pepsin in the stomach will not be turned to pepsinogen

D) lower amounts of proteases will be activated by HCI and autolysis

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A scientist doing research on a mouse insulin levels in its blood, glycogen synthase levels in its liver and lipase levels in its fat tissue. She takes these measurements before and after feeding the mouse a starch meal. Following the starchy meal, it is likely that the insulin levels in the blood…

A) and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have not changed, but lipase levels in the fat tissues have fallen

B) and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have not changed, but lipase levels in the fat tissue have risen

C) and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have risen, and lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen

D) have fallen, glycogen synthesis levels in the liver have fallen, and lipase levels in the fat tissue have risen

E) have risen, and glycogen synthase levels in the liver as well as lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen

C) and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have risen, and lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen

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In using a flamethrower to measure the volume of air in your lungs you determine your vital capacity is 5 liters, your expiratory reserve i 1 liter, and your inspiratory reserve is 2.5 liters. This means that your total lung capacity is…

A) 5 liters

B) ~6 liters

C) 7.5 liters

D) 8.5 liters

E) close to 9.5 liters

B) ~6 liters

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The cardiovascular control center is in the ____

A) aorta

B) Medulla

C) Carotid Arteries

D) Right atrium

E) left ventricle

B) Medulla

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Which statement about capillaries is true?

A) capillaries in the brain are especially permeable, being wrapped in glia

B) capillaries in the digestive tract and kidneys are less selective than those in the brain

C) The blood-brain barrier refers to the capillaries in the brain blocking the passage of all substances through them

D) Only some capillaries are permeable to O2, CO2 and small ions

E) Large water soluble molecules can easily pass through capillary walls

B) capillaries in the digestive tract and kidneys are less selective than those in the brain

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Which statement about mammalian sexual differentiation is true?

A) a steady level of estrogen causes an indifferent organ to become female

B) the absence of androgens causes an indifferent organ to become female

C) The absence of estrogens causes an organ to become male

D) Any tissue with cells containing the Y chromosome will become a male strucutre

E) Any tissue with cells containing the X chromosome will become female

B) the absence of androgens causes an indifferent organ to become female

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Rats that have run mazes relay spatial information in their brain when sleeping, which may reflect…..

A) immediate memory

B) consolidation of the memory and its transfer to long term storage

C) damage to the hippocampus

D) loss of long term memory

E) damage to the insular lobe

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B) consolidation of the memory and its transfer to long term storage

The mature red blood cells of humans…

A) contain no nuclei or endoplasmic reticulum

B) are more than 75% hemoglobin

C) have a nearly spherical shape

D) have a relatively low surface area to volume ratio

E) have a rigid shape and low flexability

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A) contain no nuclei or endoplasmic reticulum

The o2 binding molecule in your body that is abundant in your ___ is called ___

A) rbc ; myoglobin

B) blood plasma ; hemoglobin

C) blood plasma ; myoglobin

D) muscles that are used for short, immediate periods ; myoglobin

E) muscles that are used for extended periods of work ; myoglobin

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E) muscles that are used for extended periods of work ; myoglobin

Which type of food is least likely to help a patient who complains of night blindsness? A) fruits B) vegetables C) liver D) dairy products E) whole grain

E) whole grain

Which statement about brain activity during the transition from wakefulness to sleep is false? A) specific nuclei in the brainstem decrease neurotransmitter release B) neurons in the thalamus and cerebral cortex become hyperpolarized C) Resting potentials of neurons in the thalamus and cerebral cortex become more positive D) neurons in the thalamus and cerebral cortex become less sensitive to excitatory synaptic output E) processing of information by neurons in the cerebral cortex and thalamus is inhibited

C) Resting potentials of neurons in the thalamus and cerebral cortex become more positive

Which statement about ion movements and ventricular muscle cells is true? A) sustained opening of Ca2+ channels is responsible for the extended plateau phase of the action potential B) cardiac muscle is stimulated to contract when K+ is available to troponin C) for ventricles to fill again Na+ must be removed from the sarcoplasm D) to initiate relaxation, Ca2+ ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm E) when Ca2+ remains in the sarcoplasmic reticulum ventricle muscles continue to contract

A) sustained opening of Ca2+ channels is responsible for the extended plateau phase of the action potential

Rickets is a disease that afflicts children. Symptoms include weak and deformed bones resulting from insufficient calcium deposition. Which dysfunction of calcium regulation could lead to rickets in a child? A) vitamin D deficiency B) Excessive secretion of calcitonin C) decreased rate of excretion of calcium from kidneys D) insufficient parathyroid hormones

A) vitamin D deficiency

The cardiac cycle refers to the rhythmic relaxation (known as ____) and contraction (known as ___) of the ____ A) diastole ; systole ; ventricles B) systole ; diastole ; atria C) systole ; diastole ; ventricles D) diastole ; systole ; atria

A) diastole ; systole ; ventricles

What might result from taking antacids to neutralize stomach acids? A) the ability to digest protein will increase B) the pepsin will no longer be converted to pepsinogen C) the lipases will no longer be effective D) ingested micro-organisms that previously would've been killed may survive in the stomach E) stomach cells will no longer be able to move H+ across their plasma membranes into the lumen of the gut

D) ingested micro-organisms that previously would've been killed may survive in the stomach

3 sleep researchers analyze electroencephalograms to look at patterns of activity in a sleeping person. Which of the following is not measured in an electroencephalogram? A) the stage is which dreaming occurs B) the muscle movements that occur during rapid eye movement sleep C) the four stages of sleep D) slow wave sleep E) electrical potential differences due to activity of large numbers of neurons

B) the muscle movements that occur during rapid eye movement sleep

Which is a correct paring of sphincter and function? A) upper esophageal sphincter allow passage of food from the larynx into the pharynx during swallowing B) Pyloric sphincter governs passage of stomach content into the small intestine C) ileocecal sphincter governs passage of large intestine contents into the cecum D) lower esophageal sphincter contracts to push food from the esophagus into the stomach E) internal anal sphincter contracts to cause defecation

B) Pyloric sphincter governs passage of stomach content into the small intestine

Blood leaving the small intestine carries nutrients and flows to the ____ via the ____ A) large intestine ; portal vein B) liver ; thoracic duct C) heart ; inferior vena cava D) liver ; hepatic portal vein E) lymphatic system ; thoracic duct

D) liver ; hepatic portal vein

Baroreceptors in the ___ are activated when ___ A) medulla ; blood Po2 rises B) aorta and carotid arteries ; blood Po2 falls C) Arterioles ; blood pressure drops D) medulla ; blood pressure rises E) aorta and carotid arteries ; blood pressure rises

E) aorta and carotid arteries ; blood pressure rises

When an animal is in the postabsorptive state... A) has a rise in blood glucose levels with a decrease in released insulin B) Accumulates in reserves in its adipose tissue C) has no food in its gut D) accumulates reserves in its liver and muscles E) has food in its gut

C) has no food in its gut

_____ are known as capacitance vessels because of their ability to stretch and store blood A) venules B) arterioles C) veins D) capillaries E) arteries

C) veins

What is the correct order of the body's calcium reservoirs, from largest to smallest? A) extracellular fluid ; intracellular fluid ; bones B) bones ; extracellular fluid ; intracellularfluid C) extracellular fluid ; bones ; intracellular fluid D) intracellular fluid ; bones ; extracellular fluid E) bones ; intracellular fluid ; extracellular fluid

E) bones ; intracellular fluid ; extracellular fluid

waves of contractions that move the intestinal contents are.... A) called peristalsis B) regulated by liver secretions C) voluntary D) caused by relaxation of the smooth muscles of the gut in response to being stretched E) caused by contractions of the skeletal muscle

A) called peristalsis

When you breathe in as much as possible, adding the inspirational reserve volume in your lungs, your lungs are filling with air in part because.... A) the space between the two pleural membranes lining your thoracic cavity is increasing as they pull apart B) the interpleural pressure becomes more negative compared to atmospheric pressure, expanding your lungs C) the interpleural pressure becomes more positive compared to the atmospheric pressure, causing air to rush into your alveoli D) your diaphragm is moving upward as you inhale, increasing the volume of your thoracic cavity E) the pressure in your alveoli becomes more negative than the interpleural pressure, causing your lungs to expand

B) the interpleural pressure becomes more negative compared to atmospheric pressure, expanding your lungs

ectothermic reptiles.... A) have a partially divided septum B) can shunt blood past the lungs when not breathing C) have continuously high metabolic demands D) have greater resistance in the pulmonary circuit than in the systemic circuit while breathing E) constrict pulmonary vessels while breathing

B) can shunt blood past the lungs when not breathing

Which of the following best describes the visual processing that occurs within the retina? A) Impulses are processed within the individual photoreceptors and then travel to the brain B) Signals pass directly from photoreceptors cells to ganglion cells C) Action potentials in photoreceptors cells directly affect both bipolar and ganglion cells D) Light signals are processed in the first later of retinal cells the light hits, and the signal from these is then passed to the bipolar cells E) A complex pattern of synapses between photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells determines he activation of ganglion cells

E) A complex pattern of synapses between photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells determines he activation of ganglion cells

In increase in 2,3-biphosphoglyceric acid (BPG) would be associated with.... A) high altitude B) resting C) high pH D) low levels of H+ E) high po2

A) high altitude

Which statement about digestion is true? A) Unabsorbed lactose is metabolized by bacteria in the small intestine B) Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of common trisaccharides produce absorbable disaccharides C) Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins cleave dipeptides into amino acids D) Enzymes that carry out the final step of digestion of disaccharides are produced in the stomach epithelium E) Enzymes that carry out the final step of digestion of proteins are secreted by the pancreas

C) Enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins cleave dipeptides into amino acids

Which statement about aldosterone is true? A) it is a peptide hormone B) it is a glucocorticoid C)it is released by the adrenal medulla D) it stimulates the kidneys to conserve potassium E) it stimulates the kidneys to conserve sodium

E) it stimulates the kidneys to conserve sodium

chemoreceptors on the aorta and carotid arteries are activated when... A) blood Pco falls B) blood Pco rises C) blood Po2 falls D) Blood Po2 rises E) Blood Pco2 falls

C) blood Po2 falls

5 factors that effect difusion

Temp: higher temp higher diffusion speed Size: larger molecules, slower Steepness of conc. Gradient: higher steepness higher diffusion speed Permeability: higher permeability, higher diffusion Surface area: higher surface areas more diffusion

Dialysis

movement of solutes through a membrane, separation of different molecules. kidney dialysis machine

Osmosis

movement of solvent through a membrane

Osmotic presure

The amount of pressure you need to exert to stop osmosis

Molarity

mols of solute / litres of solvent (mol is 6.022 * 10^23)

Hypertonic

increased solute concentration compared to surrounding solution

Isotonic

equal solute concentration compared to surrounding solution

bio exam 3 Flashcards

(53 cards)