Bio I -10

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

It is the process of capturing light energy and converting it to chemical energy

Question 2

What organelle completes photosynthesis?

Answer 2

The chloroplast

Question 3

What are the four modes of nutrition?

Answer 3

Autotrophs
heterotrophs
Phototrophs
chemotrophs

Question 4

What are autotrophs?

Answer 4

They are cell feeders that obtain their carbon source from carbon dioxide or related compounds

Question 5

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 5

They require at least one organic nutrient such as glucose to make other organic compounds. Their carbon source is other organic compounds.

Question 6

What are Phototroph’s?

Answer 6

They obtain energy from the sun

Question 7

What are chemo troph?

Answer 7

They obtain energy from chemicals

Question 8

What type of mode of nutrition do plants have?

Answer 8

Photo autotroph’s

Question 9

True or false all green parts of a plant have chloroplasts

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or false the major source of photosynthesis is the stem

Answer 10

False

Question 11

How many chloroplast per piece of leaf are there?

Answer 11

Approximately 1/2 million chloroplast per piece of leaf with a top surface of 1 mm²

Question 12

Where are the chloroplast found?

Answer 12

They are found, mainly in the mesophyll cells, which is the interior of the leafs tissue.

Question 13

How does carbon dioxide enter and oxygen exit from a leaf?

Answer 13

Through the stomata

Question 14

How do the leafs receive water?

Answer 14

Water is absorbed by the roots, and delivered via the veins to the leaves. leaves also use the veins to deliver sugar to the roots and other non-photosynthetic parts of the plant

Question 15

How many chloroplast does a mesophyll cell approximately have?

Answer 15

30 to 40 chloroplasts

Question 16

What is the general structure of a chloroplast?

Answer 16

It has two membranes, and the inner membrane is filled with a fluid, called the stroma. Within the stroma, there’s a third membrane system made up of sacs called thylakoids inside the thylakoid is the thylakoid space. Thylakoids can be stacked and columns, called grana.

Question 17

What are what is a stack of thylakoids called?

Answer 17

Granum

Question 18

Where does the green pigment chlorophyll reside?

Answer 18

In the thylakoid membrane

Question 19

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 19

6CO2 +6 H2O + light energy —> C6H 12O6+6O2

Question 20

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

Answer 20

Light reactions and Calvin cycle

Question 21

In simple words, describe what a light reaction is

Answer 21

When the solar energy is converted to chemical energy

Question 22

In simple words, describe of the Calvin cycle is

Answer 22

When chemical energy is used to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar

Question 23

What is the first thing that happens in a light reaction?

Answer 23

Water is split, which provides a source of electrons and hydrogen ions and gives off oxygen as a by product

Question 24

What happens when chlorophyll absorbs light?

Answer 24

It drives a transfer of the electrons in hydrogen ions from water to an electron acceptor called NADP + where it is then reduced to NADPH.

Question 25

How does light reactions generate ATP?

Answer 25

From ADP through chemosmosis

Question 26

What is light?

Answer 26

It is a form of electromagnetic energy or electromagnetic radiation

Question 27

How does electromagnetic energy travel?

Answer 27

In waves

Question 28

What is the distance between a wave called?

Answer 28

Wavelength

Question 29

What is the range of a wave length?

Answer 29

From less than a nano meter (gamma rays) to more than a kilometer (radio waves)

Question 30

Which wave lengths are considered visible light?

Answer 30

350 nm - 750 nm

Question 31

What is the entire range of radiation called?

Answer 31

The electromagnetic spectrum

Question 32

The shorter the wavelength The ____ the energy

Answer 32

Higher

Question 33

What happens when light meets matter?

Answer 33

It can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed.

Question 34

What are substances that absorb visible light?

Answer 34

Pigments

Question 35

What happens once a wavelength is absorbed?

Answer 35

It disappears

Question 36

What is the color that we see?

Answer 36

The color that’s most reflected, or transmitted by the pigment

Question 37

What color will a pigment appear if it absorbs all wavelengths?

Answer 37

Black

Question 38

What does chlorophyll absorb? And therefore what do we see when we look at a leaf?

Answer 38

Violet, blue, and red light while transmitting and reflects greenlight. Green

Question 39

_______ pigments absorb light of ________ wavelengths

Answer 39

Different

Question 40

What is a spectrophotometer?

Answer 40

It measures the ability of a pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light

Question 41

What is absorption spectrum?

Answer 41

It is a graph plotting a pigments light absorption versus a wavelength

Question 42

What are one type of caretenoids?

Answer 42

Hydrocarbons that are various shades of yellow and orange

Question 43

What are caretenoids?

Answer 43

They are one type of accessory pigment

Question 44

What do keratin Noyd’s absorb?

Answer 44

Violet and blue green light.

Question 45

What is a photosystem?

Answer 45

It is a reaction center complex surrounded by several light harvesting complexes

Question 46

What are reaction center complexes?

Answer 46

They are proteins, holding a pair of chlorophyll, a molecules and a primary electron acceptor.

Question 47

Each light harvesting complex have pigment molecules, which can be:

Answer 47

Chlorophyll a chlorophyll b or keratin Noyd’s bound to proteins

Question 48

What happens when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon?

Answer 48

The energy is transferred from pigment to pigment within the light harvesting complex until it is ultimately past the chlorophyll a pair in the reaction center complex.

Question 49

What is the primary electron acceptor?

Answer 49

It is a molecule capable of excepting electrons and being reduced

Question 50

What are the two types of photosystems that thylakoids have?

Answer 50

Photosystem one and photosystem two.

Question 51

Which photo system functions first in light reactions one or two?

Answer 51

Two

Question 52

What is the reaction center chlorophyll a at photosystem two known as and why?

Answer 52

P680 Because it best absorbs light at wave length of 680 NM

Question 53

What is the reaction center chlorophyll a at photosystem one known as and why

Answer 53

P700 Because it best absorbs light at wave length 700 NM

Question 54

How does light dry the synthesis of ATP and NADPH? And how does this happen? And what is this whole process called?

Answer 54

By energizing the two photo systems. We need a flow of electrons through the photo systems in the thylakoids. Linear electron flow