Bio LAB

Question 1

What is the diameter of the 4x objective lense

Answer 1

4.40 mm

Question 2

What is the diameter of the 10x objective lense

Answer 2

1.75mm

Question 3

What is the diameter of the 40x objective lense

Answer 3

0.44mm

Question 4

What is the cell wall?

Answer 4

Relatively rigid layer found right outside of the plasma membrane in plant cells. Provides protection and support.

Question 5

What is a central vacuole?

Answer 5

Only found in plant cells, a central vacuole stores water, enzymes, ions proteins, pigments and toxins. It supports the cell through turgor preasure

Question 6

Chloroplast

Answer 6

A chlorophyll filled organelle where photosynthesis occurs. Chlorophyll cause the cell to have a green colour

Question 7

Chromoplast

Answer 7

Plastid that contains pigments giving colour to flower/fruit making it more attractive to animals (often red blue purple yellow ex)

Question 8

Cilia

Answer 8

Short hair like structures that facilitate movement or sweep fluids over the surface of the cell

Question 9

What is a contractile vacuole

Answer 9

Membrane bound organelle that facilitates osmoregulation in protists, ex. Amoeba, paramecium. It can take in and excrete water so the cell doesn’t burst from being over filled with water

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

Fluid region of a cell, contains cytosol, organelles and cytoskeleton. An area for functions taking place in the cell.

Question 11

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 11

A cytoskeleton is a network of micro tubules and other proteins that form this skeleton to add support to facilitate many useful functions.

Question 12

What are microtubules

Answer 12

Major component of the cytoskeleton, involved in mitosis, cell motility, intracellular transport, and more.

Question 13

What are microfillaments

Answer 13

Assist with cell movement, and provide structure to cell.

Question 14

What is a Flagella

Answer 14

Long tail like structure that facilitates movement in cells that have one.

Question 15

What are food vacuoles?

Answer 15

Basically pockets within the cell that hold onto food for later use after phagocytosis.

Question 16

What is the Golgi Apperatus

Answer 16

Organelle made up of flattened membrane bound compartments that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 17

What is a Leucoplast

Answer 17

Pigment lacking plastid that produces and stores different microfillaments

Question 18

What is the Lysosome

Answer 18

Small membrane bound organelle that digests a cells food and waste

Question 19

What is the mitochondria

Answer 19

It carries out the cells respiration and supply’s most of the cells ATP

Question 20

What is the Nucleolus

Answer 20

Prominent region in the nucleus that produces ribosome subunit

Question 21

What is the nucleus

Answer 21

Contains most of the cells genetic material. Controls cell function, DNA synthesis and RNA transcription

Question 22

what is the Plasma membrane?

Answer 22

Selectively permeable layer that separates the cell from the innards of the cell from the outer. Regulates the in and out flow of substances.

Question 23

What is the Ribosome

Answer 23

A structure made of rRNA and protein found in the cytoplasm, responsible for making some proteins

Question 24

What is the Rough ER

Answer 24

ER studded with ribosomes. Key role in initial synthesis and sorting of proteins for export.

Question 25

What is the Smooth ER

Answer 25

ER with no ribosomes. Lipid synthesis/modifications, detox of drugs/alcohol, Ca+2 storage, and glycogen breakdown

Question 26

What are Vesicles

Answer 26

Membrane Structure - Eukaryotic only: may contain macromolecules for storage/trabsport/secretion.

Question 27

What structural difference differentiates projaryotes from eukaryotes

Answer 27

Prokaryotes do not have membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotes also do not have a nucleus.

Question 28

What TPI (Total Pollution Index) indicates *High* organic pollution

Answer 28

TPI of 4-5

Question 29

What TPI value (Total Pollution Index) indicates probable organic pollution?

Answer 29

A TPI Value of 2-4

Question 30

What TPI (Total Pollution Index) value indicates low organic pollution?

Answer 30

A you value of 2 or lower

Question 31

Briefly describe a Fluorescent Microscope

Answer 31

A fluorescent microscope combines a regular microscope with high energy light that excites the fluorescent molecules to glow. It can be used to identify individual cells and individual organelles within cells.

Question 32

Briefly describe a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope?

Answer 32

A CLS microscope is a fluorescent microscope with a *very* thin plane of scanning. The scanned object is detected by the computer, and a detailed digital recreation is formed on the microscopes computer. It’s used to examine specimen that are too thick for traditional fluorescent microscopes. Can construct 3d images

Question 33

Briefly describe a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Answer 33

A beam of electrons is passed through an incredibly thin section of specimen (0.1-1.0 micro m) TEM has the best resolution of the internal organization of cells and there organelles.

Question 34

Briefly describe a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Answer 34

A beam of electrons is scanned over the surface of a specimen to create a highly detailed 3d image of the surface of the specimen. Used for intact specimen like insects or pollen grains

Question 35

What are four features shared by all living cells?

Answer 35

1. Plasma Membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. DNA 4. Ribosomes

Question 36

Prokaryotes are include both ________ + _________ and share what structure with a plant cell?

Answer 36

Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotes have a cell wall, the also have their chromosomes stored in their nucleotide region due to their lack of nucleus

Question 37

What structure do some bacterial cells have that covers the outside, with a gelatinous description. What does it do

Answer 37

It’s called glycocalyx, and may act like a barrier (idrk)

Question 38

What four groups are eukaryotes part of?

Answer 38

Single cell protist Fungi Animals Plant

Question 39

What colour did the starch molecules in the banana cells change when Iodine Potassium iodide was added

Answer 39

They turned purple

Question 40

What is the purpose of guard cells?

Answer 40

They regulate the opening and closing of the stomata.

Question 41

What is a major factor that comprises the cytoskeleton present in most cells?

Answer 41

Microtubules