Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio > Bio Lab Final > Flashcards

Bio Lab Final Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the parts you look through on a microscope

A

The Oculars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the part you spin to change the view on the microscope

A

The revolving nosepiece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the diameter of the 4x objective lense

A

4.40mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the diameter of the 10x objective lense

A

1.75 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the diameter of the 40x objective lense

A

0.44mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is frequency?

A

A proportion to the total count of one population. Ex. 3 blue circles out of 20 circles, 3/20 = 0.15.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to find the relative total pollution index?

A

You take the given pollution index for each genus and divide it by the number of said genus. Adding all of those results up results in your total pollution index.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Four basic features shared by all living cells

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What organisms are prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the cell walls on prokaryotes made of

A

Polysaccharides and amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do bacteria use for locomotion through rotating this structure?

A

Flagellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What organisms are considered Eukaryotes

A

Single cell Protist
Fungi
Plant
Animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What microscope uses molecules that emit absorbed light in organelles?

A

Fluorescent Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What microscope has the best resolution

A

Electron microscopes, because they scan with electrons rather then light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which microscope would use to see the surface

A

Scanning Electron Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the pigments that cause a yellow, orange, red or purple colour in chrome plants?

A

Carotenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do leucoplasts store?

A

Starch, proteins or fats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is resolution in a microscope?

A

The ability to detect/distinguish structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the point of carotenoids in chromoplast?

A

To make sure he fruit or flower more attractive to animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How to plant cells communicate with one another?

A

Slender cytoplasmic connections known as plasmodesmata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the perforations in the cell wall called?

A

They’re called pits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the layering of starch in cells called?

A

Striations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are Anthocyanins?

A

There a class of blue purple and red pigments found in the central vacuole of some plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the substances used in photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide, light energy, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What solution were the discs of leaves submerged in, within the syringe?
2% sodium bicarbonate
26
What is pseudopodia?
Cellular extensions that amoeba use to move around. In Greek means false foot
27
What is phagocytosis
The process of entrapping food and bringing it into the cell to be used (eating it
28
Where is the food from phagocytosis packaged?
Food vacuoles (before digestion)
29
How does the cell digest food vacuoles?
Attaches to lysosome, and the supply hydrolytic enzymes to digest the food.
30
Describe a cell in a colony of gonium
Very similar to chlamydomonas cell. Each cell has thick gelatinous matrix around it to hold it to the colony. Diagran looks like a ring, with a bubble inside covered in smaller bubbles on one end, and one tiny one at the other (eyespot.
31
Describe the cell wall
Rigid wall protects and supports the cell Made mostly of cellulose
32
Describe the plasma membrane
Semipermeable membrane, in both plant and animal cells. Regulates the flow in and out of the cell
33
Describe the nucleus
Controls all function of the cell, stores most of the genetic material.
34
Describe the Nuclear envelope
A double membrane surrounding the nucleus. Covered in Ribosomes
35
What is the nucleolus?
The internal part of the nucleus. Manufactures ribosomal subunits
36
What is the central vacuole?
85-90% of the total volume of a plant cell. Only found in plant cells. Stored water, ions, enzymes, toxins and proteins.
37
Describe cytoplasmic streaming
Small streams of cytoplasm moving needed things between cells
38
Which cell is generally bigger? Plant or animal?
Plant cells
39
What’s a structure unique to plant cells
Plasmids
40
What are three types of plasmids
Chloroplast, chromoplast, leucoplast.
41
What is osmosis?
The movement of water (solvent) through selectively permeable membrane From low conc to high conc (trying to balance out the conc on either side)
42
what is diffusion?
Random movement of molecules from low to high conc.
43
Solvent Vs Solute
Solvent is the liquid that does the disolving Solute is the stuff being dissolved. Like salt.
44
Describe binary fission
A prokaryote duplicating itself and splitting. Creates two identical daughter cells.
45
Mitosis vs Meiosis
Mitosis creates identical daughter cells, (diploid) Meiosis develops 4 gametes (haploid)
46
What are the steps of mitosis? What follows after it?
Mitosis is: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. Cytokinesis is the only thing that follows
47
Chromosome Vs Chromatid
Chromosome: a DNA molecule that has genetic material Chromatid: one copy of newly copied chromosomes (When you think oh the x shape, the whole x is chromosome, each side is chromatid.)
48
What is ploidy?
The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell.
49
Diploid vs haploid
Diploid: two sets of chromosomes (2n) Haploid: only one set of chromosomes (n) (Ex human cell ploidy: 2n = 46. Diploid containing 46 chromosomes in 23 homologous pairs)
50
What is the diploid generation of plants called, and what happens?
Sporophyte: produces haploid spores by meiosis called sporangia.
51
What is the haploid generation
The spores undergo mitosis to produce the multicellular haploid gametophyte. Within the gametophyte, reproductive organs produce gametes through mitosis
52
When in the animal life cycle are cells haploid
Only the gametes that are produced are the only haploid cells in animal lifecycle
53
What is a test cross
Crossing an individual of unknown genotypes w/ a homozygous reccesive individual to find out what the genotype of the unknown individual.
54
What is mindless first law?
Law of dominance and Uniformity Some alleles are dominant over others, if one dominant allele is inherited that phenotype with show
55
What is Mendels second law?
Law of Segregation During gametogenesis, the two alleles for each gene seperate and a parent only passes one allele to offspring
56
What is mendels third law?
Law of indipendent Assortment During gametogenesis different alleles segregate independently and are distributed independently in the next generation
57
What do females and males produce in terms of gametes?
A female will produce gametes with a single X chromosome, and 22 unpaired chromosomes A male will produce a gamete with an X or Y chromosome and 22 unpaired chromosomes.
58
What is turner syndrome?
Only having one X chromosome and no other sex chromosome. Symptoms are heart defects, short height, and failure of ovaries
59
What is Trisomy?
When the 21 set of chromosomes has 3 sets of chromosomes. Symptoms include round face, flat profile, slanted eyes, cleft pallete, development delays Down syndrome
60
What is kleinfelter Syndrome?
When a person has 2 x and one Y chromosome. Symptoms include Atypical body proportions, flat feet, coordination issues, lack of testosterone’s increased breast tissue.
61
What are the four ingredients required for PCR?
1: DNA extract 2: each of the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs: dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP) (building blocks used to produce DNA copies) 3: primers - Short segments of DNA neccesary for the initiation of DNA replication 4: DNA polymerase - A heat stable enzyme that elongates the DNA chain by adding dNTPs to the primers
62
What is PCR
Polymerase chain reaction
63
What are the three steps in PCR cycle?
1: Denaturation of DNA - Heat to seperate the two strands of the DNA double helix 2: Annealing of Primers - Cool so that primers can bond to the single strands of DNA 3: Extension of Primers - heat to allow DNA polymerase to add dNTPs to the end of primers

Bio (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions