BIO LAB final Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the Hardy Weinberg equations
Genotypic freq.–> (p^2+2pq+q^2=1)
Allele freq.–>(p+q=1)
What must you always find first in Hardy Weinberg equations?
always find q^2 first
what does p stand for
Dominant allele freq.
what does q stand for
recessive allele freq.
what does pq stand for
hetero gentotype freq.
what does p^2 stand for
homo dominant genotype freq
what does q^2 stand for
homo recessive genotype freq
What is a Null hypothesis
the hypothesis that says there is no significant difference between specified populations.
(the experiment showed no affect)
When do you use the T-test
when comparing the means of two nominal variables
what is a nominal variable
variables that can be categorized into distinct categories
what does the t-test show you
gives objective measure whether or not the 2 populations are statistically different, by comparing how much the values overlap
what is the P-value
a measure of probability that differences between the means of 2 populations are due to random chance
what is the range of the p value
(0-1) can never be zero
how do we know if a p value is significant
if the p value is more than .05 then it is statistically significant
when do we use a two-tailed t test
testing to see if the mean is above or below x
when do we use a one tail t test
testing to see if the mean is above x
or
testing to see if the mean is below x
(not both)
What is primary literature?
the initial presentation of information— original research usually in journals
what is the order of CSE format citation
Authors.Publication year. Article title. Volume #(issue #):Pages
what are the steps of experimental design?
Develop a hypothesis Controlling variables in standarized treatment Random sampling Replication of samples Employ standardized data Analyze data to assess hypothesis Submit results
life cycle steps of a Fern
Sporophyte (2n) goes through meiosis—>Spore (n) goes through mitosis—-> Gametophyte (n) goes through mitosis—->gamete (n) that goes through Fertilization—> Zygote (2n) goes through mitosis back to a sporophyte (2n)
what is a shared Derived character (synapomorphy)?
character present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively by its evolutionary descendants
what is a Ancestral character (plesiomorphy)
Ancestral character shared by 2 or more taxa
what is the order in which the Plantae phyla emerged
Chlorophyta, Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Monilophyta, Gymnosperm, Angiosperm
C.B.L.M.G.A
Christian Bale likes mega giant ass
what is the order of derived characters in Plantae?
chlorophyll a+b/cuticle vascular tissue Separate (Lycophyta- microphyll) megaphyll seeds flowers/double fert.
C.C.V MSFD
