QUIZ 2 study

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

Scientific discipline concerned with Naming and Classifying the diverse forms of life

Question 2

Linnaean hierarchy

Answer 2

categories of classification
Domain
Kingdom
Phyla
class
order 
family 
genus
species

Question 3

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 3

whole name italicized and first word is capital (genus, species)

Question 4

taxon (pl. taxa)

Answer 4

a named taxonomic unit at any given level of classification

Question 5

Systematics

Answer 5

A scientific discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships

Question 6

Phylogeny

Answer 6

the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

Question 7

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 7

A branching diagram that represents phylogeny

Question 8

Homology

Answer 8

Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry

Question 9

Synapomorphy

Answer 9

a characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively (in more or less modified form) by its evolutionary descendants

Question 10

symplesiomorphy

Answer 10

The possession by two or more organisms or taxa of a shared primitive or ancestral character not exclusive to or characteristic of them in particular; the shared character itself

Question 11

Analogy

Answer 11

Similarity between two species that is due to convergent evolution rather than to descent from a common ancestor with the same trait.

Question 12

Homoplasy

Answer 12

A similar (analogous) structure or molecular sequence that has evolved independently in two species

Question 13

Photoautotroph

Answer 13

organisms that carry out photosynthesis

Question 14

heterotroph

Answer 14

secondary and tertiary consumers

Question 15

mixotroph

Answer 15

an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy

Question 16

primary endosymbiosis

Answer 16

is the process in which a eukaryote engulfs another living prokaryote. An organism may then use that organism to its advantage

Question 17

secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 17

is when a living cell engulfs another eukaryote cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis

Question 18

What does the root system do?

Answer 18

Anchors plant and absorbs water/minerals, stores carbohydrates

Question 19

what does the shoot system do?

Answer 19

Consists of stem/leaves- photosynthesis

Question 20

what are the 3 types of plant tissue

Answer 20

Dermal tissue
Ground tissue
Vascular tissue

Question 21

what is dermal tissue?

Answer 21

the outer protective layer of plants/ usually one layer thick/ secretes waxy cuticle

Question 22

What is the waxy cuticle?

Answer 22

plant defense that acts as a waterproofing/also provides some protection from microbial attack

Question 23

what is ground tissue?

Answer 23

functions in photosynthesis, storage, secretion, support, and protection
(chloroplast is found here)

Question 24

What is vascular tissue?

Answer 24

conducts fluids and dissolved substances throughout the plant
is the xylem and phloem

Question 25

What is xylem?

Answer 25

(inner/one-way transport) transports water and minerals from roots to leaves

Question 26

What is phloem?

Answer 26

(outer/two-way transport) transports sugars from leaves to rest of the plant

Question 27

What are the 4 different sections of a root

Answer 27

Root cap zone of cell division zone of elongation zone of maturation

Question 28

what's the root cap?

Answer 28

secretes slimy substance that makes it easier for the root to slide through the soil

Question 29

what's the zone of cell division?

Answer 29

a lot of cell division occurs here, contains the meristem cells (cells divide every 12-36 hours)

Question 30

What's the zone of elongation?

Answer 30

Where cells are increasing in size

Question 31

What's the zone of maturation?

Answer 31

where cells differentiate into different types of cells

Question 32

what are the 2 root sytems?

Answer 32

``` taproot system (root go straight down) fibrous system (many different root lines allover) ```

Question 33

what are prop roots?

Answer 33

support trees that are top heavy | usually in softer soil

Question 34

what are storage roots?

Answer 34

store nutriets/water | ex. carrots,beats, sweet potatoes

Question 35

what are strangling roots?

Answer 35

wrap around other tree and strangle he host until it dies

Question 36

what are pneumatophores?

Answer 36

project above the water surface

Question 37

what are buttres roots?

Answer 37

give support to trees in moist areas, where the soil is weak

Question 38

What does a stem consist of?

Answer 38

an alternating system of nodes and internodes

Question 39

what are nodes?

Answer 39

where the leaf grows off

Question 40

what are internodes?

Answer 40

stem segments between nodes

Question 41

What is primary growth in plants?

Answer 41

growth that makes the plant longer/due to apical meristem

Question 42

what is secondary grwoth?

Answer 42

growth that makes the plant wider/ due to the lateral meristem

Question 43

What are tree rings due to?

Answer 43

varying levels of water availability (xylem)

Question 44

what does the lateral meristem do?

Answer 44

produce secondary phloem towards the outside/produces seconary xylem towards the inside

Question 45

What are constitutive plant defenses? | present in all plants

Answer 45

- cell wall - waxy cuticle - trichomes,thorns, etc. - some chemical defenses

Question 46

What are some induced defenses

Answer 46

(they are defenses produced as a result of injury/invasion) - toxic chemicals produced at high rates - enzymes that degrade pathogens - volatile copounds

Question 47

what are the 3 sexual life cycles observed in eukaryotes?

Answer 47

haplontic, diplontic, haplo-diplo

Question 48

what are 3 advantages seeds have over spores

Answer 48

- seeds can store more resources - exhibit dormancy (fully developed embryo) - seed coat

Question 49

what are 4 derived traits that allowed adaptation of life on land for plants?

Answer 49

alternation of gen walled spores multicellular gametangia apical meristems

Question 50

microphylls are only found on lycopds. t or f?

Answer 50

True