Bio Lecture Slides Series 1-1

Question 1

Living things are very complex, therefore it is not enough to define them, they must be _____.

Answer 1

described

Question 2

Living things are _____.

Answer 2

organized.

Question 3

The basic unit of organization is the _____.

Answer 3

cell

Question 4

All cells are either _____ or _____.

Answer 4

prokaryotic / eukaryotic

Question 5

Prokaryotic means _____.

Answer 5

not having an organized nucleus nor any membrane-bound organelles

Question 6

Eukaryotic means _____.

Answer 6

having a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or chloroplast

Question 7

Organisms may be _____ or _____.

Answer 7

unicellular or multicellular

Question 8

Unicellular means _____.

Answer 8

atoms form molecules and large organic molecules form organelles that in turn makeup cells.

Question 9

Multicellular means the organism has these three characteristics _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 9

Tissues, Organs, and Organ systems

Question 10

The definition of tissues is _____.

Answer 10

group of similar cells working together to perform a function

Question 11

The definition of organs is _____.

Answer 11

collections of tissues that work together

Question 12

The definition of organ systems is _____.

Answer 12

groups of organs that work together to accomplish various important functions

Question 13

An organelle is _____.

Answer 13

A structure within a cell that

performs a specific function

Question 14

Mitochondria are organelles. True or false?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Chloroplasts are organelles. True or false?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The nucleus is an organelle . True or false?

Answer 16

True, and the nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

Question 17

Molecules are combinations of _____.

Answer 17

atoms

Question 18

Water, glucose, and DNA are examples of things that all have _____.

Answer 18

molecules

Question 19

An _____ is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.

Answer 19

atom

Question 20

Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are all examples of things that have _____.

Answer 20

atoms

Question 21

Particles that make up an atom are called _____.

Answer 21

subatomic particles

Question 22

Three examples of subatomic particles are ______, _____, and _____.

Answer 22

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 23

Name 7 the levels of biological organization from simple to complex.

Answer 23

small molecules, large molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and complex organisms

Question 24

Living things must acquire 2 things to survive, _____ and _____.

Answer 24

energy and materials

Question 25

Life cannot be maintained without a constant supply of _____.

Answer 25

energy (E)

Question 26

Energy for an organism comes in the form of _____.

Answer 26

food

Question 27

The sum total of all the chemical reactions of all the organism's cells is known as _____.

Answer 27

metabolism

Question 28

The ultimate source of energy for all life is the _____.

Answer 28

sun

Question 29

_____ make their own food and include photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms

Answer 29

autotrophs

Question 30

True or false, autotrophs provide the basis for all food chains in all ecosystems.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

_____ consume other organisms for food.

Answer 31

heterotrophs

Question 32

Living things _____. They find energy and/or nutrients by interacting with their environment.

Answer 32

size or number of cells

Question 33

True or false, living things exist within a wide range of conditions.

Answer 33

False. Living things exist within a NARROW range of conditions.

Question 34

___ is how an organism maintains a constant steady state or how the body maintains a constant internal environment.

Answer 34

homeostasis

Question 35

An example of homeostasis is _____.

Answer 35

Body temperature and blood pH

Question 36

All living things _____ themselves.

Answer 36

reproduce

Question 37

Two types of reproduction are _____ and _____.

Answer 37

cellular division and sexual reproduction

Question 38

Sexual reproduction involves the union of _____.

Answer 38

sex cells or gametes

Question 39

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 39

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 40

Genes are _____ of DNA molecules that code for the proteins and hence, the traits of organisms.

Answer 40

portions

Question 41

Living things have the ability to _____ to their environment.

Answer 41

adapt

Question 42

_____ are modifications that enable living things to survive.

Answer 42

adaptations

Question 43

Populations _____ or change over time in response to their environment.

Answer 43

evolve

Question 44

Also called survival of the fittest, _____ is when organisms survive and increase the likelihood they will reproduce, thereby adding their survivor genes to that population.

Answer 44

natural selection

Question 45

_____ occurs by natural selection, which is the most important mechanism of evolution.

Answer 45

evolution

Question 46

These two scientists independently came to the conclusion that evolution occurs by natural selection.

Answer 46

Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles Darwin

Question 47

Evolution is the descent of organisms from a _____ _____.

Answer 47

common ancestor

Question 48

True or false: Groups of interbreeding species--a population--change over time in response to environmental pressures (natural selection) or mutations is essentially the process of evolution.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

The number of species found in a given ecosystem is _____.

Answer 49

biodiversity

Question 50

One of a kind organisms and the smallest category of the classification system is _____ .

Answer 50

species

Question 51

A group of interbreeding species is called _____.

Answer 51

population

Question 52

All the various interacting species of a given locale is called ____.

Answer 52

community

Question 53

Interacting communities along with their non-living surroundings comprises an _____.

Answer 53

ecosystem

Question 54

All the ecosystems of the earth is known as the _____.

Answer 54

biosphere

Question 55

Ecosystems are characterized by _____ and _____.

Answer 55

chemical cycling and energy flow

Question 56

The process by which chemicals move through food chain is _____ _____.

Answer 56

chemical cycling

Question 57

_____ _____ moves from sun to plants to members of the food chain.

Answer 57

energy flow

Question 58

Energy cycles in the ecosystems, true or false?

Answer 58

False. Ecosystems could not stay in existence without solar energy or photosynthesizers.

Question 59

_____ are the heterotrophs in the ecosystem.

Answer 59

consumers

Question 60

_____ recycle materials of dead producers and consumers.

Answer 60

decomposers

Question 61

Energy moves only ___ way through the ecosystem.

Answer 61

one

Question 62

True or false, producers are photosynthetic or chemosynthetic organisms.

Answer 62

True

Question 63

The newest branch of the science of classification is called _____.

Answer 63

systematics

Question 64

Systematics is _____.

Answer 64

the grouping of organisms according to a common ancestor.

Question 65

The classification system dates back to this individual: _____.

Answer 65

Aristotle

Question 66

Carolus Linneaus is credited with being the _____.

Answer 66

Founder of modern classification system

Question 67

Today's classification system places organisms into one of three _____.

Answer 67

domains

Question 68

Groups based on the evolutionary history of an organism are called _____.

Answer 68

phylogeny

Question 69

The phylogenic tree is composed of three main domains: _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 69

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Question 70

Animals, fungi, plants, and protists are eukarya, true or false?

Answer 70

true

Question 71

The domain archaea in the phylogenic tree includes prokaryotes. True or false?

Answer 71

True. Prokaryotes may be representative of the first cells on Earth.

Question 72

Eukaryotes, unicellular or multicellular, membrane-bound nucleus are part of which phylogenic tree domain?

Answer 72

Eukarya

Question 73

Name the four kingdoms.

Answer 73

Four kingdoms: Plant, Animal, Fungi and Protist (protists are any eukaryote that isn't a plant, animal or fungi)

Question 74

In the scientific method, all science begins with _____ _____.

Answer 74

human observation

Question 75

Science is infallible. True or false?

Answer 75

False. It's only as good as the people who conduct it.

Question 76

The scientific method is a process that was developed over _____.

Answer 76

time

Question 77

_____ is a tool to gather facts in the form of numerical values which are then analyzed looking for trends and patterns that would allow us to make accurate predictions.

Answer 77

science

Question 78

In the scientific method, someone makes an _____ that prompts a _____.

Answer 78

observation, question

Question 79

In the scientific method, attempting to answer a question based on an educated guess in advance of research is a _____.

Answer 79

hypothesis

Question 80

A _____ _____ is when someone attempts to find out if anyone has answered the question before.

Answer 80

literature review

Question 81

The _____ dictates which type of research will be needed.

Answer 81

hypothesis

Question 82

Most experiments involve a controlled situation where only _____ experimental factor is varied.

Answer 82

one

Question 83

The _____ may or may not be supported and may be changed or modified appropriately.

Answer 83

hypothesis

Question 84

Scientists write up their work, publish it, and submit it for _____ _____.

Answer 84

peer review

Question 85

Interested peers may repeat your work or various new ideas about the same work. True or false?

Answer 85

True. If repeated enough over time a line of research may become a theory.

Question 86

Finally, given accurate predictions repeated over time; peer acceptance etc., theory becomes a _____ _____.

Answer 86

scientific law