Bio Notes Flashcards
Cartilage
Cartilage consists of a firm (but elastic) matrix called chondrin that is secreted by cells called chondrocytes.
alimentary canal
where digestion occurs in the lumen
Track of the digestive system
oral cavity, followed by the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestin
Accessory organs
salivary glands and accessory organs such as the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder.
pseudostratified
looks like multiple layers but it’s just one
Squamous cells
scale like
epithelium
constitute a first border and primary protection against the outside world. For this purpose, these cells are tightly joined and may also be ciliated.
pharynx
pharynx is the cavity that leads from the mouth and nose to the esophagus
pepsin
Pepsin digests proteins by cleaving peptide bonds near aromatic amino acids, resulting in short polypeptide fragments
gastrin
Gastrin induces our stomach to secrete more HCl and to mix the contents of the stomach
pyloric sphincter
Food leaves the stomach through the pyloric sphincter, entering the duodenum of the small intestine.
small intestine
Indeed, the bulk of chemical digestion, as well as most absorption, occurs in the small intestine
pancreatic juice
Pancreatic juice is a complex mixture of several enzymes in a bicarbonate (basic) solution. This bicarbonate helps to neutralize acidic chyme, as well as provide an ideal working environment for each of the digestive enzymes.
pancreatic peptidases
trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastinogen, and carboxypeptidase
bile
complex fluid made up of bile salts, bile pigments, and cholesterol. It is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. The gall bladder releases bile into the duodenum by way of the bile duct in response to the hormone cholecystokinin(CCK); do not directly impact chemical digestion (the enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds). However, they serve an important role in the mechanical digestion of fats and ultimately facilitate the chemical digestion of lipids
