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From Flashcardlet > Bio of organims- Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Bio of organims- Quiz 1 Flashcards

0
Q

When Darwin published the Origin of Species

A

1859

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1
Q

Darwin’s 5 year voyage to map the coast of South America

A

1831-183

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2
Q 
This guy did all of this:
Binomial nomenclature 
Taxonomy and systematics 
Nested classification 
Great chain of being
A

Linnaeus

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3
Q 
This guy did this:
Gradualism and Actualism 
Hard to understand his writing 
Deep time 
Father of geology
A

Hutton

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4
Q

What happened in earth a long time ago by earth processes, happens now. These processes have always been occurring

A

Actualism

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5
Q

Proposed the earth was much older than what the church believed (deep time)

A

Hutton

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6
Q

He did these:
Inheritance of squired characteristics
Challenged the church

A

De Lamarck

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7
Q

Give an example of the inheritance of squired characteristics

A

Giraffes needed to get food so one stretched its neck and then passed on those traits

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8
Q

Who did the essay of principle population

A

Malthus

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9
Q

Organisms increase in number at an exponential rate but the resources needed for survival only increase in a linear fashion.

A

Principle of population

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10
Q

Founder of the modern science where you can tell characteristics from bonds

A

Cuvier

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11
Q

He did these:
Principle of correlation
Advocated catastrophism

A

Cuvier

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12
Q

If an animal loved in the plains, it would eat grasses, then the bone structure reflects that

A

Principle of correlation

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13
Q

Large events that force organisms to adapt rapidly (like Noah’s flood)

A

Catastrophism

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14
Q

Believed in a series of creation events

A

Cuvier

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15
Q

He did these:
Impact on Darwin
Uniformitarianism

A

Lyell

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16
Q

Lawyer turned geologist

Publishes a 3 volume series of books that expanded Huttons views

A

Lyell

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17
Q

Same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now have always operated the universe in the past

A

Uniformitarianism

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18
Q

Mendel published his concepts in—

A

1865

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19
Q

Differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting form interactions of organisms with their environment

A

Natural selection

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20
Q

Occurs when natural selection causes changes in relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool

A

Evolution

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21
Q

Regulating breeding to get optimal results. Humans choose which species to live.

A

Artificial selection

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22
Q

Discovered natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

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23
Q

Co-discovered natural selection

A

Alfred Russell Wallace

24
Q

Individuals of the same spices have the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

A

Biological species concept

25
Q

Result of a reproductive barrier

A

Speciation

26
Q

The ability to pass on ones traits

A

Evolutionary success

27
Q

Able to have more offspring

A

Evolutionarily fit

28
Q

— gametes must move to — gametes because they are smaller

A

Male

Female

29
Q

—‘are capable of producing more offspring

A

Males

30
Q

Changes in species overtime happened bc of chance, doesn’t not lead to adaption

A

Genetic drift

31
Q

What were the first cells on earth like?

A

Prokaryotic, heterotrophic

32
Q

Fossilized mats similar to layered microbial mats that certain groups of prokaryotes still form today in salt marshes and warm lagoons

A

Stromatolites

33
Q

What was early earth like?

A

A lot of volcanic activity
Lots of UV, lack of O2
Meteorites

34
Q

Earth turned into a oxygen rich environment

A

Oxygen revolution

35
Q

Abiotic synthesis of organic molecules in a model system

A

Miller-Urey experiments

36
Q

— synthesis is simulated in a volcanic eruption

A

Amino acid

37
Q

Enzyme that is a nucleic acid- RNA base enzyme

Most enzymes are protein-based

A

Ribozymes

38
Q

More closely related to each other (of the three domains)

A

Eukarya and archaea

39
Q

Prokaryotic domains

A

Bacteria and archaea

40
Q

Eukaryotic domain

A

Eukarya

41
Q

When did earth become more oxygen enriched?

A

2.5 bya

42
Q

Reflecting the evolutionary history in a visual way

A

Phylogeny

43
Q

What is the relationship between phylogeny and classification?

A

The classification should reflect the evolutionary history

44
Q

Systematics, biosystematics, taxonomy, classification, phylogenetically all mean—

A

The naming of organisms

45
Q

2 rules of phylogenies

A
  1. One group of organisms can only branch into two

2. If more than 3 branches occur, it is because there is not adequate information

46
Q

What are the two primary functions of classification, phylogeny, and systematics?

A
  1. To reflect the evolutionary history

2. Information retrieval

47
Q

What is the methodological goal used for establishing phylogeny?

A

To identify Monophyletic groups

48
Q

Derived by one single common ancestor

A

Monophyletic groups

49
Q

Feature used to identify a Monophyletic group

A

Homologous

50
Q

Characters that appear similar but are not derived from a common ancestor (like wings of a butterfly and wings of a bird)

A

Analogous characters

51
Q

Why do analogous characters often appear similar?

A

Convergent evolution

52
Q

Anatomical signs of evolution

A

Homologous structures

53
Q

Error of exclusions and inclusions

A

Monophyletic group

54
Q

Error of inclusion

A

Polyphyletic group

55
Q

Error of exclusion

A

Paraphyletic group

56
Q

What are the uses of phylogenies

A

To explain relationships

57
Q

Where are birds in the evolutionary sequence?

A

In the middle of the development of reptiles

58
Q

Phylogenies can: (2)

A

Formulate hypotheses

Estimate rates of revolution

From Flashcardlet (20 decks)

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