BIO - reproductive

Question 1

A human cell after the first meiotic division is –

Answer 1

1N and 2 chromatids

Question 2

What distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?
failure to – between successive cell divisions
and separation of homologous chromosomes into distinct cells

Answer 2

synthesize DNA

Question 3

primary oocytes (2N cells) are arrested in – until ovulation

Answer 3

prophase I

Question 4

any genes located in pseudoautosomal regions are inherited just like any – genes

Answer 4

autosomal

Question 5

pseduoautosomal genes function to allow X and Y chromosomes to pair and properly – during meiosis in males

Answer 5

segregate

Question 6

T/F: females can inherit an allele originally present on the Y chromosome of their father

Answer 6

true

Question 7

random segregation of – during meiosis does not contribute to genetic variation

Answer 7

chromatids

Question 8

progesterone and estrogen inhibit – release which inhibited the release of LH and FSH and prevents additional follicles from maturing

Answer 8

GnRH

Question 9

LH stimulates the release of testosterone by – (androgens)

Answer 9

Leydig cells

Question 10

Testosterone surges between the 1st and 4th month of life and testosterone inadequacy can lead to –

Answer 10

cryptorchidism

Question 11

cortisol is a stress hormone that elevates – levels

Answer 11

blood glucose

Question 12

– stimulates the maturation of gametes

Answer 12

FSH

Question 13

XXY males

Answer 13

Klinefelter

Question 14

XO females

Answer 14

Turner

Question 15

Seminiferous tubules are located in the –

Answer 15

testes

Question 16

epithelium of the seminiferous tubules consists of – or nurse cells that nourishes the developing sperm and act as phagocytes by consuming the residual cytoplasm during spermatogenesis

Answer 16

Sertoli

Question 17

– secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen

Answer 17

seminal vesicles

Question 18

unequal division of cytoplasm occurs during the meiotic process of –

Answer 18

oogenesis

Question 19

– is a motor protein that uses ATP to transport various cell contents by walking along cytoskeletal microtubules towards the minus-end of the microtubule (cell center) which is known as retrograde transport

Answer 19

dynein

Question 20

motor proteins that move toward the plus end of microtubules

Answer 20

kinesins

Question 21

defects in cilia of respiratory tract, fallopian tube, and flagella of sperm cells

Answer 21

Kartagener’s syndrome

Question 22

after ovulation during the – phase, an egg can be fertilized by sperm

Answer 22

luteal phase

Question 23

endometrium is used and reabsorbed by the uterus

Answer 23

estrous cycle (sexual desire)

Question 24

in women progesterone levels are relatively ow during pre-ovulatory phase, rise after ovulation and are elevated during the – phase

Answer 24

luteal

Question 25

at around 12 weeks, the placenta begins to produce -- in place of the corpus luteum (luteal-placental shift)

Answer 25

progesterone

Question 26

after devilry of the lucent and during lactation, progesterone levels are --

Answer 26

low

Question 27

adult males have progesterone levels similar to those in women during the -- phase of the menstrual cycle

Answer 27

follicular

Question 28

during prophase I, tetrads form and sister chromatids undergo homogenous recombination known as

Answer 28

crossing over

Question 29

total cleavage

Answer 29

holoblastic

Question 30

partial cleavage

Answer 30

meroblastic

Question 31

pole of the egg with the highest concentration of yolk

Answer 31

vegetal pole

Question 32

opposite the vegetal pole

Answer 32

animal pole

Question 33

humans undergo -- cleavage

Answer 33

holoblastic

Question 34

blastomeres are genetically -- to zygote

Answer 34

identical

Question 35

solid mass of cells produced via cleavage of the zygote

Answer 35

morula

Question 36

size of the embryo remains -- throughout the cleavage of the zygote

Answer 36

constant

Question 37

increased -- secretions initiate the luteal stage that increase LH secretion

Answer 37

estrogen

Question 38

separation of homologous chromosomes

Answer 38

disjunction

Question 39

short period between the two reduction cell divisions of meiosis I and II and during which the chromosomes partially uncoil

Answer 39

interkinesis

Question 40

sperm mature and are stored in -- until ejaculation

Answer 40

epididymis

Question 41

inactive X chromosomes in a female somatic cell that is rendered inactive in ionization for those species in which sex is determined by the presence of the Y chromosome (e.g. humans)

Answer 41

Barr body

Question 42

all but one X are randomly inactivated during mammalian embryogenesis

Answer 42

Lyon hypothesis

Question 43

number of Barr bodies visible at interphase is always -- less than the total number of X chromosomes

Answer 43

one

Question 44

when testosterone levels are low, -- release gonadotropin-releasing hormones which stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH which stimulate the testis to produce testosterone

Answer 44

hypothalamus

Question 45

if fertilization of ovum doesn't occur the corpus luteum stops secreting -- and degenerates

Answer 45

progesterone

Question 46

T/F: menstruation phase does follow decreased progesterone secretion but does not result from increased estrogen levels

Answer 46

true

Question 47

vasectomy prevents sperm movement along the -

Answer 47

vas deferens