Bio test plants

Question 1

5. Describe Kingdom Plante:

Answer 1

eukaryotic organisms capable of photosynthesis and rigid cell walls made of cellulose

Question 2

5. Name characteristics of Plants + four examples: (5)

Answer 2

1. Multicellular
2. Sessile
3. Autotrophs
4. Require specific conditions for survival
5. Most grow on land, some aquatic

Examples: Trees, Flowers, Ferns, Mosses

Question 3

5. Name all the important structures for a plant cell: (11)

Answer 3

1. Cell wall
2. Cell membrane
3. Chloroplast
4. Mitochondria
5. Vesicle
6. Ribosomes
7. Golgi Apparatus
8. Big Vacuole
9. Rough ER
10. Nucleus
11. Nucleolus

Question 4

5. What did plants evolve from? What 5 things did they need to make the transition from aquatic environments to the surface? What were the resulting characteristics?

Answer 4

Plant-like protists.

1. Methods to prevent against drying out
2. Maximizing sunlight
3. Transport tissues
4. methods to retain moisture
5. Ways to distribute gametes without water

Hard casing an nutrients around embryo, a Waxy Cuticle (layer of surface wax that reduces water loss), and the stomata.

Question 5

5. What are the three (vascular) classifications of Plants? Describe them.

Answer 5

1. Plants with vascular tissue (seeds and spores)
2. Non-vascular plants:
   - grow close to ground to get water
   - reproduce through spores
   - oldest, simplest plants
3. Plants with vascular tissue (spores only)
   - with water, grow towards the sun
   - reproduction through spores
   - rigid cells walls due to lignin

Question 6

5. Name all of the steps of spore reproduction.

Answer 6

1. Spores release and germinate with sufficient moisture. Produces gametophytes.
2. Gametophyte leaves are egg and sperm. Sporophyte is in the female leaf.
3. Fertilization
4. Spores release and the cycle restarts.

Question 7

5. Why are seeds sometimes better than spores?

Answer 7

1. Better protect the embryo
2. pollen gains are protected from dehydration in males
3. Long distance fertilization

Question 8

5. What are the two (sperm) classification of plants? Describe them:

Answer 8

1. Gymnosperm (seed plants)
   - conifers
   - do not produce seeds in ovary
   - female: forms ovulate cones
   - male: pollen on cones
2. Angiosperm (flowering plants)
   - reproduction through flower and pollen
   - pistil: female sex organ
   - stamen: male sex organ
   - pollinates when pollen hits ovale. pollinators like bees move around pollen
   - 2 types of pollination: cross and self
   - extra structures:
3. Cotyledon: in embryo, produces nutrients as the plant grows
4. Monocots: 1 Cotyledon
5. Dicots: 2 Cotyledon