bio unit 2

Question 1

nuclear pore complex

Answer 1

provide access to the nucleus and regulate the transport of proteins and RNA across the nuclear envelope.

Question 2

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

protein synthesis, which also include post-translational modifications, folding, and sorting. Membrane-bound ribosomes in the RER translate the mature mRNA transcript into amino acids that are attached to become polypeptides

Question 3

golgi apparatus

Answer 3

transport, sorting and modification of both protein and lipid

Question 4

peroxisome

Answer 4

Peroxisomes are organelles that sequester diverse oxidative reactions and play important roles in metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signaling

Question 5

vacuole

Answer 5

help in the storage and disposal of various substances

Question 6

microtubule

Answer 6

determinates the shape of a cell

Question 7

mitochondrion

Answer 7

generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions

Question 8

flagellum

Answer 8

enables movement and chemotaxis

Question 9

intermediate filament

Answer 9

a mechanical stress absorber and an integrating device for the entire cytoskeleton

Question 10

microfilament

Answer 10

assist with cell movement

Question 11

granum

Answer 11

increase the surface area of the thylakoids

Question 12

stroma

Answer 12

provides nutrients to the tissue or organ and removes waste and extra fluid

Question 13

cristae

Answer 13

to increase the surface area of the mitochondrial membrane

Question 14

cell wall

Answer 14

provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress

Question 15

microfilament

Answer 15

assist with cell movement

Question 16

chloroplast

Answer 16

produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield

Question 17

chromatin

Answer 17

to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures

Question 18

cilia

Answer 18

to move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia

Question 19

ribosome

Answer 19

the site of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 20

chlorophyll

Question 21

hypertonic

Question 22

hypotonic

Question 23

isotonic

Question 24

hydrophobic

Question 25

hydrophilic

Question 26

hydrogen ions

Question 27

osmosis

Question 28

Diffusion

Question 29

facilitated diffusion

Question 30

saturated hydrocarbon

Question 31

active transport

Question 32

exocytosis

Question 33

hydrolysis

Question 34

nucleotide

Question 35

carboxyl

Question 36

hydrogen bond

Question 37

primary structure

Question 38

cation

Question 39

oxidation

Question 40

essential amino acid

Question 41

Phospholipids

Question 42

Peripheral proteins

Question 43

Cholesterols

Question 44

Integral proteins

Question 45

Carbohydrate chains

Question 46

Hydrophilic heads

Question 47

Glycoproteins

Question 48

Hydrophobic tails