bio unit 3

Question 1

Chromosomes are made up of two types of macromolecules: nucleic acids and

Answer 1

PROTEINS

Question 2

Which of these components is unique to DNA (rather than RNA)?

Answer 2

a. adenine
b. thymine
c. uracil
d. guanine
e. cytosine

Question 3

A nucleotide consists of

Answer 3

a phosphate.
b. a simple sugar.
c. a nitrogenou

Question 4

Which term best describes the compacting of DNA?

Answer 4

. genome.
b. gene.
c. supercoiling.
d. plasmid.
e. nucleoid.

Question 5

Nucleotides are combined together

Answer 5

by sugar-phosphate bonds.

Question 6

DNA replication is semi-conservative. This means that

Answer 6

all daughter strands include an original strand.

Question 7

The replication fork is the location of the enzyme that

Answer 7

d. splits the strands into two parts.

Question 8

he replication fork is the location of the enzyme that

Answer 8

. splits the strands into two parts.

Question 9

Helicase help replication by

Answer 9

d. breaking the H bonds between complementary base pairs.

Question 10

The Okazaki fragment is formed

Answer 10

near the replication fork.
b. on the lagging strand.
c. in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 11

A telomere is

Answer 11

a repetitive end of a chromosome

Question 12

. Making a new strand of DNA is called

Answer 12

replication.

Question 13

hat is the direction of elongation?

Answer 13

c. 3’ to 5’

Question 14

The triplet hypothesis described how three

Answer 14

e. nucleotides code for an amino acid.

Question 15

Which of these codons is the START codon?

Answer 15

c. AUG

Question 16

Gene expression refers to

Answer 16

a. information flow to make protein.

Question 17

Transcription starts with initiation on the

Answer 17

c. start codon.

Question 18

Translation requires the involvement of

Answer 18

e. All of these.

Question 19

Where is the codon located?

Answer 19

a. On mRNA

Question 20

Where is the anticodon located?

Answer 20

c. On the tRNA.

Question 21

Translation requires

Answer 21

e. All of these.

Question 22

The redundancy of the genetic code helps to explain

Answer 22

d. silent mutations.

Question 23

A mutagen is something that

Answer 23

b. increases the rate of changes to the DNA sequence.

Question 24

RNA polymerase will initiate transcription when

Answer 24

c. transcriptoin factors interact with the promoter.

Question 25

DNA polymerase I

Answer 25

Removes RNA primer and replaces it with DNA nucleotides.

Question 26

DNA polymerase II

Answer 26

Proofreads new nucleotide sequence for correctness.

Question 27

DNA polymerase III

Answer 27

Catalyses the addition of new nucleotides, one at a time.

Question 28

primase

Answer 28

Adds a short segment of RNA to start replication.

Question 29

DNA ligase

Answer 29

Joins together the fragments made on the lagging strand.

Question 30

helicase

Answer 30

Unwinds helix and separates hydrogen bonds to make a replication fork.

Question 31

single-strand-binding proteins

Answer 31

Stabilizes newly unwound strands.

Question 32

topoisomerase II

Answer 32

Relieves strain of overwinding created by replication fork.

Question 33

promoter region

Answer 33

region of DNA with sequences that combine with RNA polymerase

Question 34

RNA polymerase

Answer 34

enzyme that connects RNA nucleotides to DNA template

Question 35

antisense strand

Answer 35

transcribed strand that will go on to translation

Question 36

poly-A tail

Answer 36

makes RNA more stable in the cytoplasm

Question 37

splicing

Answer 37

intron sequences are removed and exons are combined together

Question 38

anticodon loop

Answer 38

part of tRNA with nucleotides complementary to mRNA

Question 39

peptide bond

Answer 39

connects amino acid to polypeptide chain and leaves tRNA

Question 40

List the 4 nitrogenous bases that are found in DNA.

Answer 40

Adenine Cytozine Uracil Thiamine

Question 41

What is meant by complementary base pairing?

Answer 41

Complementary base pairing is the way nitrogenour base pairs align with each other

Question 42

Distinguish between a gene and a genome.

Answer 42

Gene is a specific DNA sequence of a single chromosome Genome is the genetic makeup of an entire organism

Question 43

Name the three stages of DNA replicaton.

Answer 43

Initiation Elongation Termination