Bio Week 17

Question 1

Bacteria are :

a. prokaryotes
b. eukaryotes

Answer 1

PROKARYOTES DUDE!

Question 2

Name which eubacteria or archaebacteria

belong to each statement:

1. Have peptidoglycan
2. Live in EXTREEEEEEME conditions
3. Share more DNA similarities with eukaryotes

Answer 2

1. eubacteria have peptidoglycan
2. archaebacteria love extreme conditions
3. archaebacteria share more DNA similarities

with eukaryotes than eubacteria/prokaryotes

Question 3

What are 4 ways to identify bacteria?

Answer 3

1. Shape: cocci, bacilli, spirilla (what are these shapes?)
2. Cell wall: Gram+ and Gram- (which one is purple?)
3. Movement: flagella (wiggle vs. slime)
4. Energy:

autotroph vs. heterotroph (what does this mean?)

chemo vs. photo (what does this mean?)

Question 4

Crystal violet dye is absorbed

by ___________ in the cell wall,

staining Gram ______ bacteria purple.

Answer 4

Question 5

What is a source of energy for autotrophs vs. heterotrophs?

What is a source of carbon for autotrophs vs. heterotrophs?

Answer 5

Carbon: autotrophs = CO2

heterotrophs = organic compounds

Energy: photo = light

chemo = chemical compounds

Question 6

What is the difference between

fermentation and respiration?

Answer 6

Respiration require oxygen!

What does aerobic and anaerobic mean?

Explain obligate vs. facultative bacteria

Question 7

Bacteria Reproduction, explain:

Binary fission:

Conjugation:

Spores:

Answer 7

Reproduction:

Binary fission: splits into 2 identical cells

Conjugation: share DNA parts via connecting tubes

Spores: DNA copy surrounded by

thick walls = endospore

Question 8

Bacteria Jobs

Answer 8

Decomposers : what are they decomposing?

Nitrogen “fixing” : who cares?

Question 9

A harmful microbe is called a ______ .

Answer 9

pathogen

BONUS: What are 2 ways pathogens harm tissues/organisms?

Question 10

What are the 3 parts of a virus?

Answer 10

DNA/RNA

Capsid

Pnvelope Proteins

Question 11

**DNA** Viruses replicate via 2 paths, explain:

Lytic Cycle

Lysogenic

(Fun Fact: root word “lyse” means to break apart)

Answer 11

Lytic Cycle: virus invades each cell and replicates destroying the cell

Lysogenic: virus invades cell and allows cell to replicate initiating the lytic cycle later via many cells

Question 12

**RNA** Viruses are called __________ .

They replicate using reverse transcriptase which does what exactly?

Answer 12

retroviruses

reverse transcriptase: RNA enters

ribosomes backwards twice to form DNA

Question 13

What did the scientist Louis Pasteur do that was sooooooooo damn important? ***eye rolling***

Answer 13

Made the connection between pathogens and disease/illnesses !

Question 14

What does high temperatures/heat and cold temperatures do to mose bacteria?

Answer 14

Heat: kills bacteria

Cold: slows reproduction

Question 15

What is a disinfectant?

Give an example.

Answer 15

Disinfectant is a chemical that kills bacteria.