Bio Week 5

Question 1

In 1665, a scientist Hooke discovered cells

and drew everything he saw in his book Micrographia.

with the help of a what invention?

Answer 1

Compound microscope (originally 10x magnification) and

his own improved microscope, Hooke’s microscope (50x magnification).

Question 2

Holland scientist Anton van Leeuwenhoek developed his own microscope

that had almost 300x magnification!

What type of “animalcules” did he see?

Answer 2

Red blood cells, bacteria, algae, sperm cells, protists.

Question 3

In 1838, Matthias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann

declared all animals and plants were made up of___________ .

Answer 3

Cells ! ! !

All living things are made of cells ! ! !

Question 4

Around 1839, the Cell Theory was formed.

What 3 things does it state?

Answer 4

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life (structure & function).
3. New cells arise from existing cells.

Question 5

What more recent invention allows

scientists to magnify objects up to 10,000,000 times?

Answer 5

Yooooo boy!

Electron microscope is da bomb!

Question 6

Give 2 examples of unicellular organisms

& 2 examples of multicellular organisms.

Answer 6

Unicellular (meaning ONE): bacteria, some algae

Multicellular: humans (or name any animal), most plants

Question 7

Many cells working together form ___ [A] ____ .

Different [A]’s working together form an ___ [B] ____ .

Different [B]’s working together for an ____[C]____ _________ .

Many [C]’s come together to form an ___ [D] ____ .

Answer 7

[A] - tissue

[B]- organ

[C] - organ system

[D] - organism, or multicellular organism

Question 8

What 2 main things do all cells have in common?

AND what is the function of each of these 2 things?

Answer 8

Cell membrane: the “bag” that holds all the stuff inside the cell

DNA: contains genetic material for function and to reproduce

Question 9

All cells fall into one of the 2 categories for cells, what are the 2 categories?

What are some differences?

Answer 9

Prokaryotes: all single celled organisms, they tend to be smaller, more simple, primitive,

Eukaryotes: (“Eu” have a nucleus), tend to be bigger & more complex

Question 10

LIST THE CHARACTERISTICS WE USE TO DEFINE A LIVING ORGANISM

Answer 10

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Grow. Reproduce. Respond to stimuli. Move?

Question 11

What do we call the genetic material within cells?

Where is it found?

Answer 11

DNA.

It is in the nucleus in eukaryotes, and free floating in prokaryotes.

Question 12

Which of the 2 major groups of cell types is this?

Give at least 2 reasons how you know.

Answer 12

Prokaryote.

It has a cell wall.

It does not have a nucleus (DNA floating around).

Question 13

What free-floating cellular component

manufactures proteins for the cell to use?

(used for structure and enzymes)

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

What rigid cellular structure

is found in almost all prokaryotes?

Where else would you find it?

Answer 14

Cell Wall.

Can be found in plants

(Remember the first cork cells seen by Hooke?)

Question 15

The small “organs” inside eukaryotic cells are called ________ .

Answer 15

Organelles

Question 16

What is the name of the “command center” for the cell,

as well as where we find DNA,

and typically the largest ORGANELLE found inside eukaryotes !

Answer 16

Nucleus ! ! !

Question 17

What are the 3 main parts of the nucleus?

Answer 17

nuclear envelope (“wall” around nucleus)

chromatin (knotted up DNA)

nucleolus (the nucleus inside the nucleus makin’dem ribosomes!)

Question 18

Ribosomes (remember those protein factories?)

take their directions from the ______________ .

Answer 18

DNA (within the nucleus)

Question 19

Ribosomes are found mainly in what 2 places in the cell?

Answer 19

Cytoplasm

and

Rough ER

Question 20

What are Smooth ER and Rough ER? What does each make?

Answer 20

They are types of ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Rough (for ribosomes) make proteins

Smooth make lipids (AKA fats)

BONUS: What tissues can you find more of each one?

Question 21

Explain how the Golgi Apparatus is like

a Lego set builder.

Answer 21

“Cell Manager” Golgi takes vesicle proteins

and builds them into needed materials for the cell and body.

It also makes lysosomes!

Question 22

Vesicles do what?

Answer 22

transport molecules around the cell (from ER to Golgi)

Question 23

Who are the trash eating demo organelles?

Answer 23

Lysosomes

BONUS: Where do they come from?

Question 24

If Lysosomes are the “trash men” of the cell,

what organelle stores the cell’s water, food, and poo?

Ew, floating around together?

Answer 24

Vacuoles! !

BONUS: Identify which cell is a plant and give 2 reasons?

Question 25

What organelle has cell sap and explain why it causes plants to wilt?

Answer 25

A plant **VACUOLE** holds cell sap which keeps a plant upright. If the plant doesn't get enough water, the vacuole will not be full enough to keep the plant standing up.

Question 26

What "m" organelle has mDNA ? "mother" DNA? ;) What's it's job?

Answer 26

mitochondria make menergy

Question 27

What is the green beast of the leaf? You know the thing that holds chloro-what? And magically turns sunlight into wha-what?

Answer 27

Chloroplasts! Chlorophyll Energy

Question 28

Endosymbiotic Explain this super confusing hard to pronounce word.

Answer 28

endo- "in" symbio- "relationship" One creature living inside another.

Question 29

Endoskeleton is skeleton on the "inside" (like humans), Exoskeleton is on the outside of creatures (like xenomorphs & bugs) What is cytoskeleton?

Answer 29

The internal protein-filament frame in a cell, gives it shape or movement. BONUS: What are the 2 types of protein-filaments? #82

Question 30

Centrioles, WTF are they ?

Answer 30

ONLY ANIMAL CELLS: Tubulin structures that help in cell reproduction (AKA: cell division)

Question 31

What are some jobs of a cell's Lipid Bilayer?

Answer 31

Flexible "bags" to hold all the cell juice & organelles together. Gatekeeper to what comes in & out of the cell (using protein "gates") Carbohydrates embedded in the lipid bilayer are the cell's ID.

Question 32

A solvent and solute make up a **solution**. What is a **solvent**? What is a **solute**?

Answer 32

A **solute** is being dissolved by the **solvent** (typically liquid).

Question 33

The more solute in a solvent the higher the ______________ of the soultion.

Answer 33

concentration Bonus Berry Time ! ! !

Question 34

When a solution reaches **equilibrium**, what does that mean about the solute and solvent?

Answer 34

The solute has **diffused** evenly throughout the solution.

Question 35

Explain how water (and not a sugar molecule) can move through a semipermeable membrane?

Answer 35

Semipermeable only lets certain molecules through. Water diffuses through membranes by osmosis.

Question 36

True or False: **Osmotic pressure** is the amount of water inside a cell causing pressure on the cell membrane (**lipid bilayer**).

Answer 36

True ! Think of a swelling balloon!

Question 37

**Passive transport** is the movement of molecules across the lipid bilayer (cell membrane). What are the 2 types? (one moves on its own like water, one needs "help")

Answer 37

**Diffusion** and **Facilitated diffuse** (via protein channels in the **lipid bilayer**)

Question 38

**Passive transport** does NOT require energy? What is the type of transport that requires activity?

Answer 38

Question 39

What are **endocytosis** and **exocytosis**?

Answer 39

**Endocytosis** is when the cell membrane "chomps" up material outside forming a vacuole & ***brings it into the cell***. **Exocytosis** is when the cell ***spits it out*** (via a vacuole).