Biochem

Question 1

Catalytic efficiency

Answer 1

Kcat/Km

Question 2

Km

Answer 2

Substrate concentration at half vmax

Question 3

Lock and key model

Answer 3

Enzyme specificity

Question 4

Shape of michaelis menten

Answer 4

Hyperbolic

Question 5

Competitive inhibition

Answer 5

Inhibitor competes for active site

Increase Km

Question 6

Uncompetitive inhibition

Answer 6

Inhibitor binds ES
Decrease vmax
Decrease km

Question 7

Non competitive inhibition

Answer 7

Inhibitor binds E and ES equally

Decrease vmax

Question 8

Mixed inhibition

Answer 8

Inhibitor binds E and ES unequally
Increase or decrease Km
Decrease vmax

Question 9

Axes on michaelis menten vs lineweaver burke

Answer 9

V vs (S)
1/V vs 1/(S)

Question 10

Kcat

Answer 10

Vmax/ [E]

Question 11

Hills coefficient

Answer 11

If greater than one, indicates cooperative binding

Question 12

Slope and intercepts lineweaver burke

Answer 12

Slope km/vmax

Y int 1/vmax

Question 13

Lineweaver for competitive inhibition

Answer 13

No change in y intercept, increasing slopes

Question 14

Lineweaver for uncompetitive

Answer 14

Same slope increasing y intercept

Question 15

Lineweaver for non competitive

Answer 15

Increasing slope and y intercept

Question 16

Where does electron transport occur?

Where are H+ pumped into?

Answer 16

In the inner membrane of mitochondria

Pumped from mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space

Question 17

ETC complexes and functions. how many protons do each pump?

Answer 17

NADH dehydrogenase (4) - oxidizes NADH
Ubiquinone/coenzyme Q - oxidizes FADH2
Cytochrome C reductase (4) 
(Cytochrome C)
Cytochrome C oxidase (2) - Turns O2 into H2O

Question 18

How many Protons drive synthesis of one ATP?

Answer 18

4

Question 19

pH gradient in mitochondria

Answer 19

High pH in the matrix, low in the inter membrane space

Question 20

Products of glycolysis

Answer 20

Per glucose - 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

Question 21

Products of pyruvate oxidation

Answer 21

Acetyl co A and NADH

Question 22

Products of Krebs

Answer 22

Per pyruvate- 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP

Question 23

Where does glycolysis occur? Krebs? Pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 23

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrial matrix

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 24

How many ATP are generated from NADH and FADH2?

Answer 24

1 NADH from matrix - 2.5 ATP
1 FADH2 - 1.5 ATP
1 NADH from cytoplasm - 1.5 ATP

Question 25

Total ATP yield prok vs euk?

Answer 25

30 euk | 32 prok

Question 26

Pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 26

Directs glucose 6 P away from glycolysis to make glycolytic intermediates

Question 27

Main enzyme PPP

Answer 27

G6PDH

Question 28

Oxidative and non oxidative phases of PPP

Answer 28

Oxidative- NADPH (reducing agent ), ribulose 5 phosphate (for nucleotide synthesis) Non oxidative - glycolytic intermediates

Question 29

Irreversible glycolytic enzymes and gluconeogenesis counterparts

Answer 29

Hexokinase/ glucose 6 phosphatase PFK 1 / fructose 1 6 biphosphatase Pyruvate kinase/ pyruvate carboxylase +PEPCK

Question 30

Amino acid molecular weight

Answer 30

110 kDa

Question 31

Amino acids chirality

Answer 31

All chiral but glycine | All S configuration but cysteine

Question 32

Kinetic vs thermodynamic control

Answer 32

Kinetic - smaller Ea, higher, less stable energy level overall Thermo - more stable and preferred, but higher Ea required to reach that state If a rxn is under kinetic control, the energy available is not high enough to surpass the Ea