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Psyc/Soc Flashcards

1
Q

Selective attention theories

A

Broadbent Early selection- pre perceptual filter
Deutsche and deutsche - post perceptual filter
Treisman Attenuation - pre perceptual attenuator

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2
Q

Freud stages

A 
Oral (0-1) 
Anal (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latent (6-12)
Sexual (12+)
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3
Q

Erikson’s stages

A 
Trust vs Mistrust (0-1)
Autonomy vs Shame (1-3)
Initiative vs Guilt (3-6)
Industry vs inferiority (6-12)
Identity vs role confusion (12-18)
Intimacy vs isolation (18-35)
Generativity vs stagnation (35-65)
Integrity vs despair (65+)
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4
Q

Piaget stages

A

Sensorimotor (0-2): object permanence
Pre-operational (2-7): egocentrism
Concrete operational (7-11): conservation
Formal operational (11+):

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5
Q

Catell Fluid vs Crystallized

A

Crystallized - accumulation of facts, rote memorization

Fluid - ability to think flexibly

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6
Q

Kohlberg stages of moral development

A

Pre conventional - obedience vs punishment (how to avoid punishment), self interest
Conventional - good boy and good girl (how to be liked), law and order
Post conventional - social contract, universal ethical principle (gandhi)

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7
Q

Projection bias

A

Assume others have same beliefs as we do

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8
Q

Groupthink vs group polarization

A

One polar view is accentuated

Tendency for people to conform

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9
Q

Humanistic theory

A

Rogers
Emphasizes good in humans
Concepts like self actualization

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10
Q

Five factor model

A

OCEAN

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11
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A 
Basic needs
Safety
Love
Esteem
Self actualization
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12
Q

Languagee acquisition device

A

Chomsky

Innate ability to acquire language

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13
Q

Sapir whorf hypothesis

A

Aka linguistic relativity

Structure of language affects worldview

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14
Q

Peptide vs steroid hormones

A

Fast and temporary

Slow and permanent

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15
Q

Visual system organization

A

Photoreceptors -> bipolar cells -> ganglion cells

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16
Q

Cooley

A

Looking glass self

Intx with others shapes personality

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17
Q

Mead

A

I vs me

Me - “what they think of me”, view of self w.r.t how others think of the person

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18
Q

Folkway vs more

A

More - more punishment from violation

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19
Q

Assimilation vs amalgamation

A

Amalgamation results in new culture

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20
Q

Actor observer bias

A

Tendency to attribute own faults to external causes, others faults to internal causes

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21
Q

Anomie

A

No norms eads to deviance

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22
Q

Latent vs manifest functions

A

Latent have no intended consequence, manifest have intended consequence

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23
Q

Rational choice theory

A

Cost benefit

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24
Q

Social exchange theory

A

We value interactions that are rewarding, devalue those that are punishing

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25
Vygotsky
Zone of proximal development | More knowledgeable other
26
Emotion theories
James lange - physiological arousal leads to emotion Canon bard - emotions and arousal occur at the same time Schatcher singer - physiological arousal and cognition combine to create emotion
27
Stages of sleep
``` Awake - alpha waves Stage 1 - theta Stage 2 - theta, K complexes, sleep spindles Stage 3,4 - delta waves /deep sleep REM - beta waves ```
28
Social reproduction
Transmission of inequalities from one generator to the next
29
Cultural relativism opposite
Ethnocentrism
30
Classical conditioning example
US - food UR - salivate CS - bell CR - salivate
31
Gestalt
``` Similarity Proximity Figure ground Closure continuity ```
32
Theories of intelligence
Spearmans general intelligence g Gardners multiple intelligence Galtons hereditary genius Binet’s mental age: some childrens mental age is higher than avg
33
Assimilation vs accomodation
Accomodation: we change how we think to accomodate new info Assimilation: we change the new info so that it fits our schemas
34
Implicit memory
Procedural memory
35
Reaction formation
Acting opposite to how you feel: e.g. hating someone you love
36
Regression
Going back to an earlier (childhood) behavior | E.g. bedwetting after trauma
37
Sublimation
Channelling aggressive energy into art or something productive
38
Projection
Im not angry you are
39
Wernicke area
Temporal lobe | Comprehension
40
Broca area
Frontal lobe | Speech
41
Language hemisphere
Left
42
Hypothalamus
Homeostatic equilibrium
43
Cocaine
Stimulant - increase glucose mobilization
44
Heroin
Pain relief
45
Operant extinction
Researcher stops giving reinforcements and the behavioural response stops
46
Stimulus generalization
Pavlov dogs salivating to other bell tones
47
Stimulus discrimination
Pavlov dogs only salivating to a specific tone
48
Instinctual drift
Tendency for animal to revert to innate behaviour after having learned a behaviour via operant conditioning
49
Sensory memory
Gets transferred to short term memory
50
Proximal vs distal stimulus
E.g. light falling on retina vs tree
51
Gestalt psychology
The way perception is organized is based on how the brain is organized
52
Behaviorism vs cognitive psych
Behaviorists think actions are influenced by external environment Cognitive psych think actions are influenced by mental state
53
Feature detectors
Neurons that have specific abilities to detect certain features
54
Monozygotic vs dizygotic twins
Develop from same egg and sperm that split | Develop from two separate egg and sperm pairs
55
Incentive theory
Factors outside individuals (community, culture) can create incentives E.g. to get someone to quit smokin
56
Social cognitive theory
Behaviors are learned by observing others
57
Modeling
Observational learning
58
Symbolic interactionism
Examines micro interactions
59
Looking glass self
Self concept influenced by how we perceive others view us
60
Nucleus accumbens
Reward
61
Universal emotions
Happy, sad, fear, anger, disgust, surprise
62
Place theory
Place on basilar membrane indicates pitch
63
Interposition
Visual system. One object on top of other object
64
Parallel processing
Vision. Brain divides vision inti color, motion, depth, shape
65
Brain imaging
PET - glucose flow fMRI - blood flow CT - like xray
66
Reliability vs validity
Consistency vs accuracy
67
Clusters personality disorders
A - schizo type/weird B - wild C - worried
68
General adaptation syndrome
Alarm Resistance Exhaustion
69
Freud iceberg
Id - unconscious Ego- preconscious and conscious Superego - all 3
70
Eysenck traits
3 factor model | Psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism
71
Deindividuation
Getting carried away with the group that you lose your own thinking
72
Bottom up vs top down processing
Bottom up starts with information in the environment that is perceived Top down starts with a cognition
73
Bottom up vs top down processing
Bottom up starts with information in the environment that is perceived Top down starts with a cognition
74
Conversion disorder
Sudden loss of vision or paralysis due to stressor
75
Hallucinogens
Low risk of dependence
76
Dissociative disorder
Sudden lack of connection between memories or identity
77
Discrimination vs prejudice
Discrimination- involves differential treatment
78
Avoidance vs escape
Escape requires there to be an aversive stimulus in the first place
79
Classical conditioning stages
Acquisition (CS + UCS) Extinction Spontaneous recovery
80
Functionalism
Manifest vs latent
81
Conflict theory
Struggle for limited resources shapes social structure
82
Conflict theory
Struggle for limited resources shapes social structure
83
Functionalism
Manifest vs latent
84
Classical conditioning stages
Acquisition (CS + UCS) Extinction Spontaneous recovery
85
Avoidance vs escape
Escape requires there to be an aversive stimulus in the first place
86
Discrimination vs prejudice
Discrimination- involves differential treatment
87
Dissociative disorder
Sudden lack of connection between memories or identity
88
Thomas theorem
If men define circumstances as real, they are real in their consequences
89
Thomas theorem
If men define circumstances as real, they are real in their consequences

Mcat (7 decks)

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