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Biochemistry Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

A polymer made of many amino acids joined together

A

Polypeptide

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2
Q

A fatty acid which has no double bonds between carbon atoms is called ________

A

Saturated (fatty acid)

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3
Q

A substance that helps break large fat droplets into small fat droplets to help mix with the water. Eg. Soap

A

An Emulsifier

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4
Q

A single stranded nucleic acid

A

RNA

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5
Q

This process breaks bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

Hydrolysis

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6
Q

The carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants

A

Cellulose

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7
Q

Another name for “fat”

A

Lipid

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8
Q

The storage form of carbohydrate in plants

A

Starch

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9
Q

Acidity is created by an excess of _____ ions in solution

A

Hydrogen

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10
Q

Heavy ________ can alter the 3D shape of a protein

A

Metals

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11
Q

A nucleotide is made up of a _______, a pentose, and a nitrogenous base

A

Phosphate

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12
Q

A PH above 7.0 is considered ________

A

Basic

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13
Q

This element, common in living organisms, can form up to four bonds with other substances

A

Carbon

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14
Q

Forms when two glucose molecules are joined together

A

Maltose

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15
Q

A nucleic acid in a double helix shape

A

DNA

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16
Q

________ bonds are strong

A

Covalent

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17
Q

A six carbon sugar

A

Hexose

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18
Q

The subunit which makes up nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

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19
Q

A five carbon sugar

A

Pentose

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20
Q

This level of protein can either be an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

A

Secondary

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21
Q

A PH below 7.0 is considered _______

A

Acidic

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22
Q

A carbohydrate made up of many subunits

A

Polysaccharide

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23
Q

A fatty acid which contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms is called

A

Unsaturated (fatty acid)

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24
Q

This level of protein structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up the protein

A

Primary

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25
There are ________ different kinds of amino acids
20
26
Carbohydrates help provide us with _______
Energy
27
A special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms
ATP
28
Compounds which are made primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are called ____________
Organic Compounds
29
A PH of 7.0 is considered _________
Neutral
30
A protein’s 3D shape is extremely important in order for it to _______ properly
Function
31
A type of lipid that makes up a significant portion of the cell membrane
Phospholipids
32
Water is a good solvent because it’s molecules are ________- having a slight positive and negative charge
Polar
33
A disaccharide formed when a glucose and fructose molecule join together
Sucrose
34
A carbohydrate made up of only one subunit
Monosaccharide
35
This process creates bonds between subunits in organic polymers
Dehydration synthesis
36
Excessive _______ can cause a protein to lose its 3D shape
Heat
37
The term for a protein losing its 3D shape
Denaturation
38
The subunit that makes up polypeptides (proteins)
Amino Acid(s)
39
A 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is a characteristic of what molecule
A Carbohydrate
40
A neutral acid that contained glycerol and only ONE fatty acid chain would be called a _________
Monoglyceride
41
A substance which helps hold the PH of a solution relatively constant is called a __________
A Buffer
42
The type of carbohydrate used in your cells
Glucose
43
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance
PH
44
A carbohydrate made up of two subunits (or rings)
Disaccharide
45
Hydrogen bonds are ________ bonds
Weak
46
This level of protein structure occurs when two or more proteins join with each other to form a larger protein structure
Quaternary
47
A molecule made up of two amino acids joined together
Dipeptide
48
This level of protein occurs when the protein begins to fold in upon itself, creating a 3D shape
Tertiary
49
The storage form of carbohydrate in animals
Glycogen
50
Type of bond where two or more atoms share electrons
Covalent bond
51
Type of bond where there is a transfer of electrons
Ionic bond
52
A type of bond between a hydrogen atom and a highly electromagnetic atom
Hydrogen bond
53
A molecule that plays a central role in energy storage and transfer processes between cells
ATP
54
Saccharides end in _____
ose
55
Alcohols end in ______
al
56
Carbon and hydrogen make an _______
Organic compound
57
A large molecule composed of repeating subunits
Polymer
58
Carbohydrates are made of _______
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
59
Proteins are made of _______
Amino acids
60
Nucleic acids are made of _______
Nucleotides
61
Lipids are made of _________
Glycerol and fatty acids. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with higher H than O
62
The storage form of carbohydrate in human cells
Glycogen
63
The type of carbohydrate used in human cells
Glucose
64
A short chain of amino acids joined together
Peptide
65
What is a saccharide
A simple sugar
66
This sequence of atoms is characteristic of an amino acid
N-C-C
67
Glucose + fructose =
Sucrose
68
Hydrogen is ______
Acidic
69
OH is _______
Alkaline
70
Protein functions
Structural: e.g. keratin (hair, nails) •Enzymes: e.g. salivary amylase •Hormones: e.g. insulin •Blood proteins: e.g. hemoglobin •Movement: e.g. actin & myosin (muscles) •Antibodies: immunity
71
Lipid functions
Long term energy storage in adipose (fat) tissue •Insulation: subcutaneous and around major organs| •Structural: cell membranes •Hormones: cholesterol, sex hormones
72
Carbohydrate functions
Energy production in the body (glucose is the energy source for cells) •Energy storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals) •Structural (cellulose builds cell walls in plants) •Cell membrane markers (receptors)
73
Nucleic acids function
Contains genetic code

Biology (8 decks)

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