Protein Synthesis

Question 1

For diabetic patients; can be synthesized by bacteria that have undergone recombinant DNA

Answer 1

Insulin

Question 2

The final phase of translation where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome

Answer 2

Termination

Question 3

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is removed from a gene

Answer 3

Deletion

Question 4

Bonds formed between the nitrogenous based in the DNA molecule

Answer 4

Hydrogen bond

Question 5

RNA are ________-stranded

Answer 5

Single

Question 6

Shape of a DNA molecule

Answer 6

Double-Helix

Question 7

Any factor which causes a mutation

Answer 7

Mutagen

Question 8

A gene mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

Answer 8

Substitutuion

Question 9

DNA and RNA are both types of _______

Answer 9

Nucleic acid(s)

Question 10

The type of RNA used in the ribosome during protein synthesis

Answer 10

rRNA

Question 11

The process of DNA making copies of itself

Answer 11

Replication

Question 12

The first phase of translation where the mRNA and first tRNA join up with the small ribosomal subunit

Answer 12

Initiation

Question 13

DNA is typically found here in eukaryotic cells

Answer 13

The Nucleus

Question 14

Many ribosomes can be translating a single mRNA strand at the same time. What is that unit called?

Answer 14

Polysome

Question 15

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing strand during transcription

Answer 15

RNApolymerase

Question 16

A nitrogenous base with a double ring structure

Answer 16

Purine

Question 17

Proteins that associate with DNA to form chromosomes

Answer 17

Histones

Question 18

The enzyme that “unzips” the DNA strand during replication

Answer 18

Helicase

Question 19

A dna subunit made up of three components

Answer 19

A Nucleotide

Question 20

The three letter sequence on tRNA that is complimentary to an mRNA codon

Answer 20

Anticodon

Question 21

The type of RNA that delivers amino acids to the ribosomes

Answer 21

tRNA

Question 22

What occurs when entire portions of chromosomes are removed

Answer 22

Deletion(s)

Question 23

A change to the base pair sequence of a DNA molecule

Answer 23

A Mutation

Question 24

A Chromosomal mutation where a piece of chromosome is “flipped”

Answer 24

Inversion

Question 25

Proteins are made up of chains of _______ strung together

Answer 25

Amino Acids

Question 26

The type of RNA that brings instructions from the DNA molecule to the ribosome

Answer 26

mRNA

Question 27

DNA is made up of many repeating subunits and is therefore referred to as being a ______

Answer 27

Polymer

Question 28

Replication of the DNA is considered to be a _______ process

Answer 28

Semi conservative

Question 29

The reading of an mRNA strand by a ribosome to make protein is called?

Answer 29

Translation

Question 30

UV light and x rays are examples of what kind of mutagens

Answer 30

Radiation mutagens

Question 31

A mutation that affects only one gene

Answer 31

Gene mutation

Question 32

HPV is an example of what kind of mutagen

Answer 32

Viral mutagen

Question 33

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is inserted into a gene

Answer 33

Addition

Question 34

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of one chromosome is inserted into another chromosome

Answer 34

Translocation

Question 35

RNA contains one nitrogenous base not found in DNA called

Answer 35

Uracil

Question 36

A nitrogenous base with a single ring structure

Answer 36

Pyrimidine

Question 37

Completed proteins are sent to the _______________ for final processing and packaging

Answer 37

Golgi apparatus

Question 38

Pesticides, cigarettes, benzene, and acetone are examples of what kind of mutagen

Answer 38

Chemical mutagen

Question 39

A chromosomal mutation where a portion of the chromosome repeats itself

Answer 39

Duplication mutation

Question 40

A mutagen that causes cancer

Answer 40

Carcinogen

Question 41

A mutation that occurs in the early gametes or early in the embryological development

Answer 41

Germinal mutation

Question 42

Bonds that form between amino acids

Answer 42

Peptide bonds

Question 43

The rule that states the number of pyrimidines will always be equal to that of the purines

Answer 43

Chargoff’s rule

Question 44

The type of pairing that states A goes to T and G goes to C

Answer 44

Complementary base pairing

Question 45

The amino acid chain is released from the ribosome when a stop codon signals for a ______ ________ to enter the ribosome

Answer 45

Release Factor

Question 46

A small, circular piece of DNA that can be used to transfer DNA from one species to another

Answer 46

A Plasmid

Question 47

A mutation that affects many genes because large portions of chromosomes are altered

Answer 47

Chromosomal mutation

Question 48

Something that can get DNA from one species to another

Answer 48

Vector

Question 49

addition and deletion mutations can cause devastating effects because they cause a ________ where all codons downstream of the mutation are altered

Answer 49

Frameshift

Question 50

the enzyme that adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing strand during replication

Answer 50

DNAPolymerase

Question 51

the second phase of translation where the amino acid chain grows is called

Answer 51

Elongation

Question 52

strong ________ bonds form between the sugar and phosphates to form the backbone of the molecule

Answer 52

Covalent

Question 53

the three letter sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

Answer 53

Codon

Question 54

mutation that occurs in cells after birth

Answer 54

Somatic mutation

Question 55

during transcription, the _______ strand of the DNA molecule is used to code for the mRNA molecule

Answer 55

Sense

Question 56

Germinal mutations occur

Answer 56

Early in embryonic development

Question 57

Which sugar is found in the nucleotides of DNA?

Answer 57

Deoxyribose

Question 58

Which nitrogenous bases from DNA are pyrimidines?

Answer 58

Cytosine and Thymine

Question 59

One gene on a chromosome is responsible for coding for one what?

Answer 59

Protein

Question 60

The shape of an RNA molecule is a

Answer 60

Straight, single strand

Question 61

mRNA is made by the enzyme

Answer 61

RNApolymerase

Question 62

The process of making an mRNA strand is called

Answer 62

Transcription

Question 63

One mRNA strand is produced from the information found in one

Answer 63

Gene

Question 64

The sugar-phosphate groups that make up the backbone of the RNA molecule are joined together by

Answer 64

Strong covalent bonds

Question 65

How many nitrogenous bases make up a single codon?

Answer 65

Three

Question 66

Translation occurs in / on which organelle in the cytoplasm?

Answer 66

Ribosome

Question 67

The process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA

Answer 67

Transcription

Question 68

The process of using the mRNA to assemble a protein

Answer 68

Translation