Biochemistry

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

energy

Answer 2

the ability to do work

Question 3

elements

Answer 3

fundamental units of matter - building blocks of matter

Question 4

atoms

Answer 4

building block of elements

Question 5

atomic mass

Answer 5

sum of protons and neutrons

Question 6

atomic number

Answer 6

number of protons

Question 7

ions

Answer 7

charged particles

Question 8

molecules

Answer 8

combination of two or more LIKE atoms

Question 9

compound

Answer 9

combination of two or more UNLIKE atoms

Question 10

anions vs cations

Answer 10

anions-negative
cations-positive

Question 11

ph scale

Answer 11

measures relative concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance
measures acidity or alkalinity

Question 12

enzyme

Answer 12

biological catalyst
functional protein formed by living cells

Question 13

monosaccharide

Answer 13

simple sugar
building block of carbohydrates
(mono- one)
ex: glucose, fructose

Question 14

synthesis

Answer 14

larger molecules are formed from simple ones

Question 15

disaccharide

Answer 15

two simple sugars
ex: sucrose, lactose

Question 16

polysaccharides

Answer 16

long chains of simple sugars
ex: starch, glycogen

Question 17

nucleotide

Answer 17

building block of nucleic acids

Question 18

amino acids

Answer 18

building block of protiens
contain CHON (carbon,hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen)

Question 19

electrolyte

Answer 19

breaks down into ions in a solution and conducts electrical currents

Question 20

gobular (functional) protein

Answer 20

spherical functional protein
do things rather than form structures
ex: enzymes, hemoglobin, some hormones

Question 21

glucose

Answer 21

principal sugar in blood; monosaccharide

Question 22

lipids

Answer 22

organic compound formed of CHO (carbon,hydrogen and oxygen)
ex: fats, cholesterol, steroids
insoluable in water

Question 23

neutralization

Answer 23

combination of an acid and a base
form water and a salt

Question 24

exchange reaction

Answer 24

reaction in which bonds are both made and broken

Question 25

acid

Answer 25

proton donor releases hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 26

base

Answer 26

proton acceptors release hydroxyl ions (OH-)

Question 27

triglycerides

Answer 27

neutral fats composed of fatty acids and glycerol found in fat deposits nonpolar source of stored energy

Question 28

protons

Answer 28

positive subatomic particles

Question 29

neutrons

Answer 29

subatomic particles with no charge

Question 30

electrons

Answer 30

negatively charged subatomic particles

Question 31

salts

Answer 31

ionic compound that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water vital to many bodily functions

Question 32

active site

Answer 32

surface of gobular protein where it interacts with other molecules of complementary shape and size

Question 33

glycerol

Answer 33

sugar alcohol building block of fats

Question 34

DNA

Answer 34

nucleic acid found in all living cells

Question 35

covalent bond

Answer 35

sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 36

nonpolar vs polar covalent bonds

Answer 36

nonpolar: atoms are shared equally polar: atoms are shared unequally

Question 37

hydrolysis

Answer 37

water used to split a substance into smaller particles

Question 38

fatty acid

Answer 38

building block of fats

Question 39

inorganic compounds

Answer 39

lacking carbon ex: H2O, NaCl, Hcl, NaH

Question 40

organic compounds

Answer 40

contain carbon ex: protiens,carbohydrates, fats

Question 41

structural (fibrous) protein

Answer 41

strand like protein appears most often in body structures important for binding structures together and providing strength in certain body tissues

Question 42

buffer

Answer 42

chemicals that can regulate ph change

Question 43

phospholipid

Answer 43

triglyceride containing phosphorous polar head, non-polar tail form cell membranes

Question 44

nucleic acid

Answer 44

class of organic molecules containing RNA and DNA

Question 45

decomposition

Answer 45

complex substances are broken down into simpler ones

Question 46

ionic bonds

Answer 46

bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Question 47

hydrogen bond

Answer 47

weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between electron-hungry atoms

Question 48

how are carbohydrtaes classified?

Answer 48

by size

Question 49

name the four types of organic compunds

Answer 49

proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids

Question 50

what is the basis for all steroids made in the body?

Answer 50

cholesterol

Question 51

list examples of some steroids

Answer 51

bile salts, vitamin D, cholesterol, some hormones

Question 52

what is the plant storage molecule for glucose?

Answer 52

starch

Question 53

what is the human form of glucose storage?

Answer 53

glycogen

Question 54

carbohydrates

Answer 54

contain CHON (carbon,oxygen,hydrogen,nitrogen) iclude sugars and starches classififed by size

Question 55

proteins

Answer 55

made of amino acids contain CHON (carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen) sometimes sulfur