Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human anatomy and physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the four primary types of tissue in the human body?

A

connective
epithelium
muscle
nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define tissues

A

group of cells with similar structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where can you find epithelium tissue?

A

body linings and coverings
glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

functions of the epithelium

A

secretion
absorption
filtration
protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how are epithelium classified?

A

number of layers (first name) and shape of the cell (last name)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

squamous

A

flat squished cells with a flat nucleus
allows for materials like oxygen to easily move across
fast absorption and diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cuboidal

A

cube like cells
circular nucleus
absorption of nutrients and secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

columnar

A

tall thick cells
ellipse nucelli
absorbs nutrients and produce secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

simple

A

one layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stratified

A

more than one layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

avascular

A

no blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does the epithelium get the materials they need?

A

from the connective tissues surrounding them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

characteristics of epithelium

A

cells fit close together and form sheets
selective permeability
regenerate if well nourished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

appical

A

upper side of tissue
located outside body or whatever internal cavity it is lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

basal

A

rests on basements membrane
inner side of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

simple epithelia

A

forms membranes that line body cavities
lines lungs and capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

simple cuboidal

A

common in glands and ducts
forms walls of kidney tubules
covers the ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

simple columnar

A

lines digestive tract
includes mucus producing goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

single layer with some shorter cells
may be ciliated in the respiratory tract
may function in absorption of secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

stratified squamous

A

protective covering where friction is common
located in the skin, mouth and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

transitional epithelium

A

shape of cells depends on amount of stretching
lines organs of the urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

glandular epithelium

A

endocrine gland (secretes hormones, ductless bc secretions diffuse into blood vessel) and exocrine glands (secrete sweat and oil, secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

gland

A

organ specialized in secreting substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

epithelium

A

primary tissue
covers the surface of the body and lines body cavities, ducts and vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
selective permeability
barrier allows some substances through and excludes others based on what the cell needs
26
functions of connective tissue
binds body tissue together supports the body provides protection
27
extracellular matrix
nonliving material that surrounds living cells
28
what are the main elements of extracellular matrix?
ground substance and fibers - collagen (white) elastic (yellow) recticular
29
ground substance
mostly water, adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules
30
name the 8 types of connective tissue
dense connective (fibrous tissue) loose connective (aerolar) loose connective (adipose) hyaline cartilage bone (osseous) blood (vascular) fibrocartilage elastic cartilage
31
bone (osseous tissue)
composed of osteocytes in lacunae cavities hard matrix of calcium salts and collagen fibers used to support and protect the body erythropoiesis
32
hyaline cartilage
glassy, most common type of cartilage provides support, rich ground substance with starchy proteoglycans composed of collagen fibers and rubbery matrix located in larynx, fetal, skeleton and joints
33
elastic cartilage
found where strength and stretchability is needed found in external ear and epiglottis provides elasticity chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
34
fibrocartilage
forms cushion like discs between vertebrae to keep bones from grinding together highly compressible, shock absorbs thick fibers of collagen good at withstanding pressure
35
dense connective tissue
dense fibrous tissue main matrix is collagen fibers tendons ligaments and forms dermis thicker/arranged erratically
36
tendons
attaches skeletal muscle to bone
37
ligaments
attaches bone to bone at joints
38
dermis
lower layers of skin
39
irregular/regular dense connective tissue
irregular dense connective tissue are nonparallel and found where tension may be exerted in areas
40
loose connective tissue (areolar)
most common and widely distributed connective tissue soft and pliable like cobwebs fibroblast cells soak up excess fluid, lots of room for edema, swelling, etc. found under epithelial tissue wrapped around organs
41
edema
swelling caused by too much tissues
42
loose connective tissue (adipose)
contain liquid deposits filled with fat adipocytes share airy disposal of fibers insulates body against heat loss serves as a site for fuel storage protects some organs organelles get pushed to side
43
loose connective vs dense connective tissue
loose connective has fewer fibers and more ground substance dense connective tissue has more fibers and less ground substance
44
blood (vascular)
surrounded by fluid matrix called plasma with protein fibers floating around it functions in transport
45
recticular tissue
like areolar tissues but with a woven mess of reticular fibers rather than collagen and elastic provides soft internal framework of spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow supports developing blood cells
46
what are the three types of muscle tissue?
skeletal cardiac smooth
47
which of the 3 muscle tissue types is voluntary?
skeletal
48
irritability
ability to react to stimuli
49
skeletal muscle
attached to skeleton contracts on bones and joints to produce movement and facial expressions long, striated, cylindrical multinucleated
50
cardiac muscle
only found in the heart wall as contracts it acts as a pump to propel blood through blood vessels striated, short cells one nucleus per cell branched shape allows for cells to fit closely together to form intercalated discs
51
smooth muscle
not striated long with tapered ends one nucleus per cell found in hollow organs (stomach, uterus, blood vessels) spindle shaped cells
52
nervous tissue
composed of nerves and neuroglia sends impulses to other areas of the body
53
which muscle tissue type contracts the slowest?
smooth muscle tissue
54
neuroglia
type of supporting cell that insulates, protects and supports neurons in the structures of the nervous system
55
what are the hallmarks of connective tissue?
extracellular matrix and varying vascularity
56
areola
small open space
57
how do some of the connective tissues vary in blood supply?
cartilage connective tissues don't have any nerves or blood dense connective has poor blood supply some connective tissues are well vascularized
58
what do all four primary tissue types have in common?
all tissues have a matrix
59
how does a neurons structure determine its function?
a neurons long processes allows a single neuron to conduct an impulse to distant body locations
60
which fiber type provides strength to connective tissues?
collagen fibers
61
intercalated discs
specialized connections for communication between cardiac muscle cells containing gap junctions and desmosomes
62
goblet cells
simple glands that produce mucus
63
basement membrane
thin layer of extracellular material to which epithelial cells are attached in mucosa surfaces
64
mucous membrane
forms the linings of body cavities open to the exterior ex: digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tracts
65
serous membrane
membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body (excludes joint cavities)
66
desmosomes
anchoring junctions prevent cells from being pulled apart
67
gap junctions
allow for communication between cells
68
tight junctions
binds cells into leak proof sheets
69
regeneration
replacement of destroyed tissues by the same kind of cells
70
fibrosis
repair by dense connective tissue by formation of scar tissue
71
when does fibrous usually occur?
depending on the type of tissue and severity of it
72
what are the three events of tissue repair in order?
capillaries become permeable granulation tissue forms regeneration of surface epithelium
73
granulation tissue
delicate pink tissue composed of new capillaries
74
capillaries become permeable
blood clot forms
75
granulation tissue forms
wound begins to shrink
76
regeneration of surface epithelium
scab detaches
77
which tissue types regenerate poorly?
skeletal, cardiac and nervous tissue within brain and spinal cord
78
which tissue types regenerate well?
fibrous connective tissue, bone and epithelial tissue (skin and mucous membranes)
79
endocrine system
secretes hormones ductless since secretions diffuse into blood vessels
80
exocrine system
secrete sweat and oil secretions empty through ducts of the epithelial surface
81
major connective tissue from most rigid to most fluid
bone cartilage dense connective tissue loose connective tissue blood

Human anatomy and physiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions