Biochemistry

Question 1

what is the ion responsible for phase 0 (upstroke) of SAN AP?

Answer 1

Calcium

Question 2

what is ion responsible for phase 4 (gradual incline/If) of SAN AP?

Answer 2

Na

Question 3

in calcium-indiced-calcium release, what is role of cAMP?

Answer 3

phosphorylates ryanodine receptor allowing calcium to exit SR into cell and phosphorylates SERCA-PLB receptor to allow Ca to return into SR

Question 4

does angiotensin II induce myocardial contraction?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what are adrenergic receptors all coupled to?

Answer 5

G-proteins

Question 6

what does alpha 1 receptor do?

Answer 6

vasoconstriction

Question 7

alpha 2 receptor

Answer 7

vasodilation (inhibition of axonal NE release)

Question 8

Beta 1 receptor

Answer 8

myocardial contraction and chronotropy

Question 9

Beta 2 receptor

Answer 9

vasorelaxation

Question 10

what receptor does clonidine bind to?

Answer 10

alpha 2 (presynaptic NE)

Question 11

which receptors does epinephrine hit?

Answer 11

a1, B1 ,B2

Question 12

which receptors does Norepi hit?

Answer 12

a1, B1

Question 13

which receptors does dobutamine hit?

Answer 13

B1, B2

Question 14

which receptors does phenylephrine hit?

Answer 14

a1

Question 15

which receptors does phentolamine hit?

Answer 15

a2

Question 16

which receptors does propranolol hit?

Answer 16

B1, B2

Question 17

name 3 receptors that are in vasculature.

Answer 17

alpha 1, 2, B2

Question 18

name 1 receptor in myocardium (biochem lecture)

Answer 18

B1

Question 19

what is ligand for parasympathetic receptors?

Answer 19

acetylcholine

Question 20

what does acetylcholine do to a vessel if there is intact endothelium? what about denuded endothelium?

Answer 20

increase NO–> vasodilation

can’t inc NO–> vascononstriction

Question 21

which of the following is a direct thrombin inhibitor: rivaroxaban, dabigatran?

Answer 21

dabigatran

Question 22

when there is tissue injury, is it the intrinsic or extrinsic clotting pathway that first gets activated?

Answer 22

extrinsic

Question 23

name the enzyme inhibited by fondaparniux, rivaroxaban, apixaban

Answer 23

Xa

Question 24

what is inheritance pattern of Becker’s CM?

Answer 24

X-linked

Question 25

what is inheritance pattern of Marfan's?

Answer 25

Autosomal Dominant

Question 26

which gene and what chrome. is responsible for Marfan's?

Answer 26

fibrillin , chrom 15

Question 27

is Ao usually involved in Ehler's Danlos?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

what chess wall deformity is associated with marfans?

Answer 28

pectus excavatum

Question 29

what is main inheritance pattern for long QT syndrome?

Answer 29

AD

Question 30

what is main inheritance pattern for Brugada syndrome?

Answer 30

AD

Question 31

is brugada syndrome a gain or loss of fxn and what gene is involved?

Answer 31

loss of fxn | SCN5A

Question 32

inheritance pattern of familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer 32

AD

Question 33

which disease has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with variable penetrance and sarcomeric mutation?

Answer 33

HCM

Question 34

what is the most frequent mutation in HCM?

Answer 34

myosin binding Protein C

Question 35

what is the myocardium's preferred source of energy?

Answer 35

FA's

Question 36

do BB's prevent poor calcium flux intracellularly?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

in CHF, is there emote calcium in the cytosol or SR?

Answer 37

cytosol