Biodiversity

Question 1

Habitat diversity

Answer 1

number of different habitats in an area

Question 2

Species diversity

Answer 2

number of different species and abundance of each species

Question 3

Genetic diversity

Answer 3

variation of alleles within a species or population of a species

Question 4

Species richness

Answer 4

number of different species in an area
higher the number, the greater the species richness

Question 5

Species evenness

Answer 5

measure of relative abundance of each species in an area, the more similar the population size of each species, the greater the species evenness
The greater the species evenness + richness, the higher the biodiversity

Question 6

Simpsons index of biodiversity

Answer 6

measures species diversity, takes into account both richness and evenness
D= 1- (sum of (total number of organisms in 1 species/total number of all organisms)2)
always between 0+1, closer to 1, the more diverse the habitat

Question 7

Genetic diversity explain

Answer 7

Low genetic diversity, species may not be able to adapt to change and whole population could be wiped out by single event

Question 8

Polymorphism

Answer 8

alleles of same gene always found at same point (locus) on a chromosome
polymorphism is a locus that has 2 or more alleles

Question 10

Assessing genetic diversity

Answer 10

working out proportion of polymorphic gene loci in a population gives you a measure of genetic diverity
proportion of polymorphic gene loci= number of polymorphic gene loci/total number of loci

Question 11

Factors affecting biodiversity

Answer 11

habitat loss
over-exploitation- greater demand for resources
urbanisation- species isolated, cannot interbreed so genetic diversity decreases
pollution

Question 12

Monoculture leads to:

Answer 12

habitat loss- land cleared for fields
loss of local plants and animals- seen as weeds/pests so destroyed
loss of heritage varieties- dont make enough money so arent planted

Question 13

Climate change

Answer 13

changing environmental conditions- species need particular climate so habitat becomes inhabitable (or vice versa) which increases/decreases range of some species which could affect biodiversity
Some migrate but those who cant may go exctinct

Question 14

Reasons to maintain biodiversity

Answer 14

Ecological- protecting species, maintaining genetic resources
Economic- reduces soil depletion
Aesthetic reasons

Question 15

Keystone species

Answer 15

relatively low population size, but huge effect on environment

Question 16

In Situ conservation

Answer 16

protecting species in natural habitat e.g national parks, restoring damaged areas etc
both species and habitat conserved
difficult to control some factors

Question 17

Ex Situ conservation

Answer 17

protecting species by removing part of population from threatened habitat e.g relocating to safer area, breed in captivity then release, botanic gardens, seed banks
protect in controlled environment, competition reduced and breeding manipulated
only small number can be cared for, difficult and expensive

Question 18

International cooperation- RIO convention

Answer 18

international law that conserving biodiversity is everyones responsibility

Question 19

International cooperation- CITES agreement

Answer 19

convention on international trade in endangered species, illegal to kill endangered species and limits trade trough use of licensing and illegal to trade products made from endangered species

Question 20

Local conservation

Answer 20

The countyside stewardship scheme- government paid landowners to regenerate hedgerows, leave grassy margins for wildflowers to grow and graze upland areas