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A level Biology > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

define biodiversity

A

the variety of living organisms in an area

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2
Q

define species

A

group of similar organisms able to reproduce fertile offspring

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3
Q

define habitat

A

the area inhabited by a species (biotic + abiotic factors)

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4
Q

define habitat diversity

A

the number of different habitats in an area

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5
Q

define species diversity

A

the number of different species and abundance of each species in an area

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6
Q

define genetic diversity

A

the variation of alleles within a species (e.g. dog breeds)

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7
Q

define species richness

A

number of diff species in an area

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8
Q

define species evenness

A

abundance of each species in an area

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9
Q

sum up the 4 step sampling process:

A
  • chose area (within habitat)
  • count no. of individuals of each species (method varies)
  • repeat in diff areas
  • use results to estimate value
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10
Q

name the sample counting method for plants

A

quadrat

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11
Q

name the sample counting method for flying insects

A

sweep net

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12
Q

name the sample counting method for ground insects

A

pitfall trap

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13
Q

name the sample counting method for aquatic animals

A

net

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14
Q

how could you make sampling random ?

A

random number generator to select coordinates

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15
Q

what are the three on-random sampling methods?

A

systematic / opportunistic / stratified

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16
Q

describe systematic sampling

A

samples taken from fixed intervals along a transect

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17
Q

describe opportunistic sampling

A

samples chosen by investigator (simple but data will be bias)

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18
Q

what is a transect ?

A

line placed across a habitat

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19
Q

describe stratified sampling

A

when different areas in habitat identified and sampled in proportion to whole habitat

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20
Q

when a habitat has evenly distributed species, it is said to have …

Study These Flashcards
A

high species evenness

21
Q

Simpson’s index of diversity is a value between …

22
Q

the closer Simpson’s index of diversity is to 1 …

Study These Flashcards
A

the more diverse the habitat

23
Q

what does n stand for in Simpson’s index of diversity ?

Study These Flashcards
A

number of individuals of one species

24
Q

whats does N stand for in Simpson’s index of diversity ?

Study These Flashcards
A

number of organisms of all species

25
give an example of populations with low genetic diversity
animals in captivity (isolated populations)
26
How is human population growth decreasing global biodiversity ? (4 reasons)
- habitat loss (deforestation) - over exploitation (resources used faster than replenished) - urbanaisation (cities isolate species) - pollution (kills species/habitats)
27
what is mono culture ?
growing of a single variety of a single crop
28
How is increased mono culture decreasing global biodiversity ? (3 reasons)
- habitats lost for land - naturally occurring plants / animals thought as pests / weeds so killed - heritage varieties of crops lost
29
how is climate change affecting biodiversity ?
changes in conditions may lead to habitat becoming unsuitable for species, causing either migration or extinction
30
what does it mean that organisms in an ecosystem are interdependent ?
they depend on each other to survive
31
give two examples of organisms being interdependent
``` food chains nutrient cycles (less worms in soil reduces quality, affecting plant growth + animal food) ```
32
what are keystone species ?
species that other species depend on in ecosystems and without the ecosystem would change dramatically
33
what are the 3 most common keystone species ?
predators - regulating prey numbers modifiers - maintain environment (beavers building dams) hosts - plants that provide environment (trees)
34
give 4 reasons for maintaining biodiversity:
- protect species - maintain genetic resources - reduce soil depletion - aesthetic / tourism
35
how does continuous mono culture increase soil depletion ?
uses up all the nutrients in the soil as crops crops are being planted constantly
36
what does in situ conservation mean ?
on site conservation (in natural habitat)
37
Give the 5 methods of in situ conservation:
- establish protected areas (restrictions on urban/industrial development and farming) - controlling species that threaten biodiversity - protecting habitats - promoting particular species (e.g. protecting food sources) - legal protection to endangered species
38
give the advantage of in situ conservation
both the species and habitat are conserved
39
give the disadvantage of in situ conservation
difficult to control some factors (poaching/predators/disease/climate change)
40
what does ex situ conservation mean ?
off site conservation (not natural habitat)
41
Give the 4 methods of ex situ conservation:
- relocating to safer area - breeding organisms in captivity then reintroduce them into wild when adult - botanic gardens for rare plants - seed banks
42
give the advantages of ex situ conservation
- can protect endangered animals in a controlled environment - reintroduce species that have left an area
43
give the disadvantages of ex situ conservation
- only a small number of individuals can be cared for - difficult and expensive to sustain right environment - more likely to catch disease - many species can't adapt / breed in new environment
44
give the aims of Rio Convention on Biological diversity (CBD)
- aims to develop international strategies on conservation of biodiversity and use of animal/plant resources in sustainable way
45
give the actions of Rio Convention on Biological diversity (CBD)
- made it international law that it's everyone's responsibility to conserve biodiversity - provides guidance to governments on conservation
46
whats is Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) an agreement of ?
agreement designed to increase international cooperation in regulating trade in wild animal and plant specimens
47
give the actions of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
- agreed to make the killing of endangered species illegal - limits trade through licensing - illegal to trade products from endangered species - raises awareness through education
48
Give the aims of The Countryside Stewardship Scheme (CCS)
conserve wildlife and biodiversity | improve and extend wildlife habitats
49
Give the action of The Countryside Stewardship Scheme (CCS)
government makes 10-year agreements to pay landowners who followed management techniques

A level Biology (26 decks)

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