photosynthesis

Question 1

name 5 processes in plants that need energy

Answer 1

photosynthesis / active transport / DNA replication / cell division / protein synthesis

Question 2

name 6 processes in animals that need energy

Answer 2

muscle contraction / body temp / active transport / DNA replication / cell division / protein synthesis

Question 3

define metabolic pathway

Answer 3

a series of small reactions controlled by enzymes (like photosynthesis)

Question 4

define phosphorylation

Answer 4

adding a phosphate to a molecule

Question 5

define photolysis

Answer 5

splitting of a molecule using light energy

Question 6

define phtophosphorylation

Answer 6

adding phosphate to a molecule using light

Question 7

define hydrolysis

Answer 7

splitting of a molecule using water

Question 8

define decarboxylation

Answer 8

removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule

Question 9

define dehydrogenation

Answer 9

removal of hydrogen from a molecule

Question 10

Define autotroph

Answer 10

Organism that makes its own nutrients using inorganic carbon source

Question 11

Define heterotroph

Answer 11

Organism that requires organic nutrients to supply with a source of carbon

Question 12

What does NADP stand for ?

Answer 12

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Question 13

What is good about photosystem 1?

Answer 13

Doesn’t require water and generates energy

Question 14

what is a coenzyme ?

Answer 14

a molecule that aids the function of an enzyme

Question 15

what is the coenzyme in photosynthesis ?

Answer 15

NADP

Question 16

where does photosynthesis take place ?

Answer 16

chloroplasts

Question 17

what is the double membrane of the chloroplast called ?

Answer 17

chloroplast envelope

Question 18

what is a thylakoid ?

Answer 18

fluid filled sac in the chloroplast

Question 19

what is a granum ? (grana)

Answer 19

a stack of thylakoid

Question 20

what links the grana together in the chloroplast ?

Answer 20

thylakoid membranes called lamellae

Question 21

give examples of photosynthetic pigments

Answer 21

chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b / carotene

Question 22

what are photosynthetic pigments ?

Answer 22

coloured substances that absorb light

Question 23

what does a photo system contain ?

Answer 23

primary and accessory pigment (attached to a protein)

Question 24

what are primary pigments ?

Answer 24

reaction centers, where electrons are excited

Question 25

what are accessory pigments ?

Answer 25

make up light-harvesting systems, which transfer light energy to reaction centers (energy for electron excitement)

Question 26

what wavelength light does photo system 1 absorb?

Answer 26

700 nm

Question 27

what wavelength light does photo system 2 absorb?

Answer 27

680 nm

Question 28

what is the stroma ?

Answer 28

gel like substance in chloroplast (similar to cytoplasm)

Question 29

what does the stroma contain ?

Answer 29

enzymes, sugars, organic acids

Question 30

describe DNA of chloroplast

Answer 30

- chloroplasts have their own DNA - found in stroma - circular

Question 31

what happens to carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis ?

Answer 31

stored as starch grains in stroma

Question 32

where do the light-dependent reactions take place ?

Answer 32

thylakoid membranes

Question 33

where does the light-independent reaction take place ?

Answer 33

stroma

Question 34

what are the products of light dependent stage ?

Answer 34

ATP, NADPH and oxygen as a waste product

Question 35

what happens during the electron passing through the electron transport chain ?

Answer 35

- passes between proteins - Redox reactions - energy released from the electron - photo phosphorylation

Question 36

For photo system 2, where does the electron come from ?

Answer 36

photolysis (splitting of water) | H2O --- 2e- + 2H+ + O

Question 37

For photo system 1, where does the electron come from ?

Answer 37

photo system 2

Question 38

where is the electron most excited ?

Answer 38

electron acceptor

Question 39

where does the hydrogen for the reduction of NADP come from ?

Answer 39

photolysis

Question 40

what is another name for the light independent stage ?

Answer 40

calvin cycle

Question 41

what starts the calvin cycle ?

Answer 41

carbon dioxide entering through the stroma

Question 42

summaries the fixation stage of Calvin cycle

Answer 42

carbon dioxide is fixed (incorporated into a organic molecule)

Question 43

summaries the reduction stage of Calvin cycle

Answer 43

GP is reduced to TP by adding H+ from NADPH

Question 44

summaries the regeneration stage of Calvin cycle

Answer 44

RuBP is regenerated from recycled TP using energy from ATP

Question 45

how many turns in calvin cycle to make 1 glucose ?

Answer 45

6

Question 46

state the full name for GP

Answer 46

Glycerate 3-phosphate

Question 47

state the full name for TP

Answer 47

Triose phosphate

Question 48

state the full name for RuBP

Answer 48

Ribulose bisphosphate

Question 49

state the steps in fixation stage

Answer 49

- CO2 converted to intermediate compound using rubisco | - decomposes to 2x GP

Question 50

state the steps in reduction stage

Answer 50

2x GP --- 2x TP using energy from ATP and H+ from NADPH

Question 51

state the steps in regeneration stage

Answer 51

5/6th of TP used to regenerate RuBP using energy

Question 52

what is the other 1/6th of TP used for ?

Answer 52

make glucose / amino acids / other carbs / lipids

Question 53

what colour do the pigments absorb in chlorophyll ?

Answer 53

red and blue

Question 54

name the enzymes in photosynthesis

Answer 54

RuBisCo and ATP synthase

Question 55

how does temp affect photosynthesis :

Answer 55

- enzymes - stomata close ( less CO2 ) - may damage thylakoid membranes - may damage chloroplast envelope (enzymes released) - may damage chlorophyll ( reduce amount of pigment that can absorb light )

Question 56

how does increasing CO2 conc to above 0.4% affect photosynthesis ?

Answer 56

stomata will start to close, reducing rate

Question 57

what is the saturation point ?

Answer 57

point where a factor is no longer a limiting factor

Question 58

what are the 3 things that light energy is used for in light dependent stage

Answer 58

1. photo phosphorylation (making ATP) 2. reducing NADP 3. photolysis

Question 59

what does granum contain ?

Answer 59

enzymes, sugars, organic acids

Question 60

where does light dependent reaction take place ?

Answer 60

thylakoid membrane

Question 61

where does calvin cycle take place ?

Answer 61

stroma