BIODIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

Question 1

what are the 5 kingdoms that living organisms divide into

Answer 1

1. monera
2. protista
3. fungi
4. plantae
5. anamalia

Question 2

characteristics of the kingdom anamalia

Answer 2

1. eukaryotic organisms
2. multi-cellular
3. are heterotrophic

Question 3

characteristics of the kingdom protista

Answer 3

1. eukaryotic organism

2. exclude animals, plants and fungi

Question 4

characteristics of the kingdom monera

Answer 4

1. unicellular

2. non-membrane bound organelles

Question 5

characteristics of the kingdom plantae

Answer 5

1. eukaryotic organisms
2. multicellular
3. autotrophic

Question 6

characteristics of the kingdom fungi

Answer 6

1. eukaryotic organism
2. multicellular
3. heterorophic and do not photosynthesize

Question 7

what makes an organism living

Answer 7

(7 life processes)

1. respiration
2. nutrition
3. movement
4. excretion
5. reproduction
6. growth
7. sensitivity

Question 8

what are viruses

Answer 8

acellular and ultramicroscopic organisms, because they do not have a nucleus,cytoplasm or organelles.

Question 9

what do viruses need to reproduce and what does that make them

Answer 9

they need a host to reproduce which makes them endoparasites

Question 10

host specific

Answer 10

viruses are host specific meaning they only attack certain hosts, but they can jump from one host to another

Question 11

tissue specific

Answer 11

viruses are tissue specific, meaning they attack specific tissues in the body

Question 12

why are viruses pathogenic

Answer 12

because they cause diseases in host organisms

Question 13

do antibiotics work against viruses

Answer 13

no, they are ineffective against viruses

Question 14

name 2 ways in which viruses replicate

Answer 14

1. the lytic cycle

2. the lysogenic cycle

Question 15

explain what occurs during the lytic cycle

Answer 15

the virus enters a cell and replicate and then make the cell burst, releasing new viruses

Question 16

explain what occurs during lysogenic cycle

Answer 16

viruses enter a long-term relationship with their host cells then their nucleid acid replicates at the same time as the host cells multiply

Question 17

function of protein coat

Answer 17

it encloses the nucleic acid

Question 18

what is the capsid made up of

Answer 18

protein subunits called capsomeres

Question 19

what is inside the capsid

Answer 19

1. it contains the nucleic acid(DNA/RNA)

2. contains an envelop which is not present in all viruses

Question 20

what is the function of the envelope inside the virus

Answer 20

it protects a virus from physical, chemical and enzymatic damage

Question 21

what nucleic acid do viruses infect in plants

Answer 21

RNA

Question 22

what nucleic acid do viruses attack in animals

Answer 22

RNA and DNA

Question 23

what nucleic acid do viruses attack in bacteria

Answer 23

DNA and is called a bacteriophage

Question 24

economic and environmental importance of viruses

Answer 24

1. viruses cause diseases which may kill the host, this way viruses control the population numbers of host species(natural selection)
2. viruses can be reprogrammed with a healthy gene from humans which can compensate for genes in people with medical disorders
3. can be used for vaccines

Question 25

what is bacteria

Answer 25

unicellular, prokaryotic organisms which are pathogenic and most are heterotrophic

Question 26

functions of the ribosomes

Answer 26

function for protein synthesis

Question 27

function of the flagellum/cillium

Answer 27

used for movement(flagella are longer hair like structures and cilia are shorter bristles)

Question 28

function of the slime capsule

Answer 28

protects against harmful chemicals

Question 29

function of the cell membrane

Answer 29

controls the movement of substances into and out of an organism

Question 30

function of the cell wall

Answer 30

protects cell and consists of chitine

Question 31

function of nucleiod region

Answer 31

chromatin connsisting of DNA containing genetic material

Question 32

function of cytosol

Answer 32

water base liquid and dissolved particles

Question 33

function of plasmid

Answer 33

circular, double stranded DNA containing genes which provide bacteria with a genetic advantage, such as antibiotic resistance

Question 34

how do bacteria reproduce

Answer 34

asexually which is known as binary fission and during this process the bacteria copy their DNA and split in two by means of cytokinesis to form 2 identical daughter cells and bacteria exchange DNA through a process called conjugation for genetic variation

Question 35

economic importance of bacteria

Answer 35

1. oil spill clean ups, where bacteria are genetically modified to digest oil 2. production of chemicals like ethanol and acetone 3. production of foods and drinks like yogurt and wine by means of fermentation 4. obtaining precious metals from rock like copper and gold 5. production of hormones through recombinant dna

Question 36

what are protozoans

Answer 36

eukaryotic and unicellular(some unicellular protists are colonials)organisms and have pseudopodia and are considered to be aquatic organism which reproduces asexually

Question 37

the three sub-groups that protista can be divided into

Answer 37

1. protozoa(unicellularhterotrophic, animal-like organism) 2. algae(plant-like protists that are autotrophic) 3. slime molds(fungus-like protista that are heterotrophic decomposers)

Question 38

what is a pseudopodia

Answer 38

a temporary protrusion of the surface of an amoeboidal cell for mvement and feeding

Question 39

assists in locomotion and fedding of the protozoans

Answer 39

the cilia or flagella

Question 40

function of lyosomes

Answer 40

vesicle with digestive enzymes

Question 41

function of contractile vacuole

Answer 41

responsible for osmoregulation

Question 42

whats the endoplasm

Answer 42

inner granular liquid medium

Question 43

whats the ectoplasm

Answer 43

outer clear gel-like medium

Question 44

function of pseudopod

Answer 44

used for locomotion and engulf prey through phagocytosis

Question 45

function of food vacuole

Answer 45

it fuses with lyosomes to digest food

Question 46

environmental and economic importance of bacteria

Answer 46

1. slime molds are saprophytic and acts as important decomposers 2. some protista are parasitic which causes diseases like malaria 3. some contain silica in cell walls which is used by humans to produce glass

Question 47

what causes malaria

Answer 47

the plasmodium parasite

Question 48

acts as a vector/carrier of the plasmodium parasite

Answer 48

females anopheles mosquito

Question 49

4 symptoms of malaria

Answer 49

1. fever 2. chills 3. headache 4. nausea and vomitting

Question 50

how can malaria be treated

Answer 50

with prescribed medicine like doxycycline

Question 51

4 ways in which you can prevent getting malaria

Answer 51

1. apply mosquito repellent 2. sleep under mosquito net 3. install insect screens 4. take anti malaria mediction when entering a high malaria area

Question 52

what is fungi

Answer 52

eukaryotic organisms which are heterotrophic(or saprophytic and parasitic)

Question 53

examples of fungi

Answer 53

1. mushrooms 2. bread mold 3. penicillin 4. rusts

Question 54

function of sporangium

Answer 54

structure producing spores

Question 55

function of rhizoids

Answer 55

a short, thin filament that anchors the growing body of the organism

Question 56

function of stolon

Answer 56

are horizontal extensions that produce new individuals by buddimg

Question 57

function of hyphae

Answer 57

is a vegetative filament

Question 58

function of mycelium

Answer 58

is the plant body

Question 59

function of spores

Answer 59

the asexual reproduction cell

Question 60

function of columella

Answer 60

the crosswall that seperates the sporangiophore from sporangia