Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Biodiversity (excluding kingdoms) > Flashcards

Biodiversity (excluding kingdoms) Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Characteristics of life

A
  1. Growth and development (change)
  2. Responsiveness (ability to feel, a reaction)
  3. DNA/heredity
  4. Homeostasis (maintain and regulate itself)
  5. Reproduction (asexual or sexual)
  6. Metabolism (convert fuel to energy)
  7. Composed of cells
  8. Maybe: Evolution (still in discussion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Species

A

group that can interbreed naturally (in the wild)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Subspecies

A

change over time due to interbreeding and inbreeding, they eventually become an entirely different species
eg. rat snakes split geographically into 5 regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Threats to biodiversity

A

-Invasive species
-Pollution
-Habitat destruction
-Climate change
-overexploitation/ overconsumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

High diversity benefits

A

-better against disease
-climate extremes
-pests
eg. Ottawa ash trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structural diversity

A

many habitat options of different shapes and sizes, including microhabitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monoculture

A

All one species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Loss of biodiversity

A

-Threatens food supply
-Eliminates medicine
-Affects economy (tourism and forestry)
-Disrupts biogeochemical cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

E.O. Wilson

A

thinks that 50% of the Earth must be conserved and untouched for humans to survive. He also thinks that the Earth is going extinct 10, 000 times faster with humans than if humans had not existed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

7 taxons

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Modern taxonomy/phylogeny

A

uses evolutionary relationships. They share common ancestry if they show similar stages of embryological development and anatomical structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most diverse kingdoms

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Protista
  4. Fungi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phylogenetics

A

reconstructing the evolutionary relationships among organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clade

A

a taxonomic group that includes a single common ancestor and all its descendants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cladistics

A

the principles that guide the production of phylogenetic trees (cladograms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of taxonomy

A

Traditional classification: group species by morphological (physical) characteristics

Phylogenetic analyses: group species by evolutionary relatedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Viruses

A

Small, infectious, non-living, non-cellular particles, no cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Helical

A

Rod-like with capsid proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Icosahedral

A

Many sides, usually 20 sides, 12 corners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

RNA viruses

Study These Flashcards
A

HIV, flu, rabies, SARS

21
Q

DNA viruses

Study These Flashcards
A

chickenpox, hepatitis, tumors

22
Q

Bacteriophage

Study These Flashcards
A

Attacks viruses

23
Q

Lytic cycle

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Attachment
  2. Injection
  3. Replication
  4. Assembly
  5. Release
    -Virus enters, replicates, bursts and destroys
    eg. flu
24
Q

Lysogenic cycle

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Attachment
  2. Injection
  3. Integration to DNA
  4. Dormancy
  5. Lytic cycle
    -Virus becomes a part of your genetics, goes dormant, and then cannot be eradicated
    eg. hepatitis
25
Pathogenic
disease causing bacteria
26
Antibiotics
either punch holes in bacteria OR prevent the bacteria from reproducing, produced naturally by fungus
27
Darwinian medicine
does not give medicine and forces body to fight itself
28
Superbug
antibiotic resistant bacteria
29
Uses for bacteria
-Food preparation: lactobacillus is used for pickles -Bioremediation: cleaning up toxic chemicals from the environment -Bioengineering: mass produce genes (like insulin)
30
bacteria vs. archaea
bacteria: gram positive, peptidogylcan archaea: gram negative, no peptidoglycan
31
Asexual reproduction of archaea
1. Binary fission (just like bacteria) 2. Budding (baby grows off of mom and then separates) 3. Fragmentation (when cut in half, it becomes two organisms)
32
Uses for archaea
-DNA analysis -Disease analysis -Toxic waste removal -PCR (DNA fingerprints)
33
Endosymbiosis
how eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic (originally parasitic) relationships of prokaryotic cells (they live inside each other). This is how eukaryotes evolved from protists. (does not explain multicellularity)
34
Endocytosis
cells are engulfed and digested as food
35
Origins of eukaryotic cells
-Endomembrane infolding forms the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum -Nucleus came first -Mitochondria came second (endosymbiosis) -Were prokaryotes until consumed -Aerobic heterotroph
36
How eukaryotic came from prokaryotic
-membranes are similar to prokaryotes -Ribosomes are similar to prokaryotes
37
Red algae
first multicellular life (1.2-1.5 BYA)
38
Alternation of generations
switching between haploid and diploid each generation
39
Life cycle of malaria
1. Mosquito contracts malaria 2. Infection spores from cyst in mosquitoes stomach goes to mosquitos salivary glands 3. Reproduce sexually in salivary glands 4. Mosquito injects malaria-infected saliva inside humans (does this to top blood clotting) 5. The malaria’s swimming spores goes to the liver where it copies DNA repeatedly 6. It infects red blood cells and hides from immune system 7. Then it bursts and reproduces
40
Types of feeding for fungus
1. parasitic 2. predatory 3. mutualistic 4. saprobial
41
Haustoria
penetrates host’s cells without killing it (type of hyphae)
42
Reproduction of fungus
Asexual: Fragmentation Budding Sexual: Connect the hyphae and reproduce if compatible (same mating type) Up to 1 trillion haploid spores
43
Life cycle of fungus
1. Basidia form diploid nuclei 2. Meiosis: four haploid nuclei are formed in the basidium 3. Cell division: four basidiospores are formed 4. Dispersal and germination 5. Germination: mycelia form (positive and negative mating types) 6. Plasmogamy: fusion between positive and negative mating types form a dikaryotic mycelium 7. Mitosis: a basidiocarp forms
44
Stoned ape hypothesis
language developed from high homo erectus
45
Conifer life cycle
1. Pollen and egg make the seed in cone 2. Seeds fall out of cone 3. New tree grows
46
Flowers
male: pollen female: eggs, nectar
47
Body layers
Ectoderm: skin, nerve tissue Mesoderm: muscle, blood Endoderm: lungs, liver
48
Types of symmetry
1. Asymmetric: zero symmetry 2. Radial: symmetrical through any line that crosses through the central axis 3. Bilateral: single line of symmetry with left and right side
49
Monotreme
lays eggs

Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions