Bioenergetics

Question 1

The sum of all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the dynamic state of a cell or organism.

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

A series of biochemical reactions.

Answer 2

Pathway

Question 3

The process of breaking down large
nutrient molecules into smaller molecules with the concurrent production of energy.

Answer 3

Catabolism

Question 4

The process of synthesizing larger molecules from smaller ones.

Answer 4

Anabolism

Question 5

the sum of catabolism and anabolism

Answer 5

Metabolism

Question 6

Anabolism and catabolism are linked together by their contrasting but coordinated energy requirements called

Answer 6

bioenergetics

Question 7

release the potential energy from food and collect it in the reactive intermediate, ATP

Answer 7

Catabolic processes

Question 7

use the free energy stored in ATP to perform work

Answer 7

Anabolic processes

Question 8

The two processes (anabolic and catabolic) are coupled by the

Answer 8

ATP energy cycle

Question 9

serves as the universal carrier of biochemical energy

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

Catabolism

Leads to _________ of biomolecules

Answer 10

degradation

Question 11

Catabolism

Overall process of chemical oxidation and formation of reduced cofactors of

Answer 11

NADH, NADPH, FADH2

Question 11

Catabolism

______ of chemical energy and production of ATP from ADP

Answer 11

Release

Question 12

Catabolism

________ of pathways

Answer 12

Convergence

Question 13

Anabolism

________ of biomolecules

Answer 13

Synthesis

Question 14

Anabolism

Overall process of chemical oxidation and formation of

Answer 14

NAD+, NADP+, FAD

Question 15

Anabolism

______ for energy input and use of ATP

Answer 15

Requirement

Question 16

Anabolism

________ of pathways

Answer 16

Divergence

Question 17

Cells and Mitochondria

Where replication of DNA takes place

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

Cells and Mitochondria

Remove damaged cellular components and some
unwanted foreign materials

Answer 18

Lysosomes

Question 19

Cells and Mitochondria

Package and process proteins for secretion and delivery to other cellular components.

Answer 19

Golgi bodies

Question 20

Cells and Mitochondria

Organelles in which the common catabolic pathway takes place in higher organisms; the purpose of this catabolic pathway is to convert the energy stored in food molecules into
energy stored in molecules of ATP

Answer 20

Mitochondria

Question 21

Cells and Mitochondria

Parts of the mitochondria

Answer 21

• inner membrane
• outer membrane
• matrix
• crista

Question 22

ENERGY-RICH CARRIER MOLECULES

___________ use major processes to transform the energy held in the chemical bonds of food molecules into more readily usable forms

Answer 22

Eukaryotes

Question 23

# ENERGY-RICH CARRIER MOLECULES is the most abundant energy carrier in the cell

Answer 23

ATP

Question 24

# ENERGY-RICH CARRIER MOLECULES Certain reduced forms of high energy molecules such as ______ and ________ can donate their electrons to the electron carriers of the ETC which results in the production of ATP

Answer 24

NADH and FADH2

Question 25

is the most important compound involved in the transfer of phosphate groups.

Answer 25

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 26

# Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ATP contains two ___________ bonds and one __________ bond.

Answer 26

- phosphoric anhydride - phosphoric ester -

Question 27

# Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate (anhydride) of ATP gives

Answer 27

- ADP - dihydrogen phosphate ion - energy.

Question 28

# Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) How much energy is produced during the Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate (anhydride) of ATP gives ADP,

Answer 28

7.3 kcal/mol

Question 29

# Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Hydrolysis of a phosphoric anhydride liberates more energy than the hydrolysis of a __________.

Answer 29

phosphoric ester

Question 30

# Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) We say that ATP and ADP each contain high-energy __________.

Answer 30

phosphoric anhydride bonds.

Question 31

# Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ATP is a universal carrier of __________

Answer 31

phosphate groups

Question 32

# Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ATP is also a _______ for the storage and transfer of energy

Answer 32

common

Question 33

# NAD+/NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a ________ agent

Answer 33

biological oxidizing

Question 34

# NAD+/NADH Nicotinamide is deriveed from

Answer 34

niacin

Question 35

NAD+ is a ________ agent, and is reduced to NADH.

Answer 35

two-electron oxidizing

Question 36

NADH is a ________ agent, and is oxidized to NAD+

Answer 36

two-electron reducing

Question 37

NADH is an ______ and ________ transporting molecule

Answer 37

electron and hydrogen ion

Question 38

# FAD/FADH2 Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is also a _________ agent.

Answer 38

biological oxidizing

Question 39

# FAD/FADH2 FAD is a _________ agent, and is reduced to FADH2 .

Answer 39

two-electron oxidizing

Question 40

# FAD/FADH2 FADH2 is a ___________, and is oxidized to FAD

Answer 40

two-electron reducing agent

Question 41

# FAD/FADH2 Two components of riboflavin

Answer 41

- flavin - ribitol

Question 42

# Coenzyme A Coenzyme A (CoA) is an ___________

Answer 42

acetyl group carrier

Question 43

# Coenzyme A Like NAD+ and FAD, coenzyme A contains a unit of _____.

Answer 43

ADP

Question 44

# Coenzyme A CoA is often written CoA-SH to emphasize the fact that it contains a _________

Answer 44

sulfhydryl group.

Question 45

# Coenzyme A The vitamin part of coenzyme A is __________.

Answer 45

pantothenic acid

Question 46

# Coenzyme A The acetyl group of acetyl CoA is bound as a high energy _______.

Answer 46

thioester

Question 47

# Coenzyme A Components of CoA

Answer 47

- mercaptoethylamine - pantothenic acid - phosphorylated ADP

Question 48

# Chemistry of Metabolism Oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 48

oxidoreductase/ dehydrogenase

Question 49

# Chemistry of Metabolism Group transfer reactions

Answer 49

transferase

Question 50

# Chemistry of Metabolism Hydrolytic cleavage (hydrolysis)

Answer 50

hydrolase

Question 51

# Chemistry of Metabolism Non hydrolytic cleavage

Answer 51

lyase

Question 52

# Chemistry of Metabolism Isomerization and rearrangement

Answer 52

isomerase

Question 53

# Chemistry of Metabolism Bond formation using energy from ATP

Answer 53

ligase

Question 54

# Concepts of Bioenergetics Free energy or ____ free energy

Answer 54

Gibbs

Question 55

# Concepts of Bioenergetics overall catabolic processes release energy

Answer 55

Exergonic

Question 56

# Concepts of Bioenergetics overall anabolic processes use energy

Answer 56

Endergonic

Question 57

# Concepts of Bioenergetics ability to do work

Answer 57

Energy

Question 58

# Concepts of Bioenergetics measure of heat content

Answer 58

enthalpy

Question 59

# Concepts of Bioenergetics measure of disorder in a system

Answer 59

entropy

Question 60

# First Law of Thermodynamics Is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes, distinguishing two kinds of transfer energy, as ____ and as thermodynamic _____, and relating them to a function of a body’s state, called __________

Answer 60

- heat - work - internal energy