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Bioenergetics And Homeostasis Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water (light)—>glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

What are the 5 uses of glucose in plants ?

A

1-for respiration
2-making cellulose
3-making amino acids
4-stored as oil or fats
5-stored as starch

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3
Q

Limiting factors for photosynthesis are ?

A

-intensity of light
-concentration of CO2
-temperature
-amount of chlorophyll

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4
Q

Rate of photosynthesis RPA?

A

Pondweed used to measure the effect of the light intensity
1-light is placed in a specific distance
2-pondweed is left to photosynthesise for a set amount of time
3-at the end a syringe is used to draw the gas bubble in the tube and measure the length of the gas bubble for the amount of O2 produced

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5
Q

What is respiration ?

A

It is the process of transferring energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell

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6
Q

What controls lots of chemical reactions ?

A

Enzymes (a biological catalyst)

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of respiration and what is the difference ?

A

Anaerobic (without oxygen) and Aerobic (with oxygen)

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8
Q

Equation for Anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose —> lactic acid

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9
Q

Equation in Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

A

Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

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10
Q

Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called ?

A

Fermentation

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11
Q

Homeostasis is ?

A

Maintaining a stable internal environment

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A change in the environment

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14
Q

What is negative feedback and what is the process ?

A

Automotic control system keeps your internal environment stable
1-receptors deleted a stimulus
2-coordinate center organise a response
3-effector produces a response which counter acts change

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15
Q

What is the nervous system ?

A

Detects and reacts to stimuli

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16
Q

What is the nervous system made up of ?

A

-Central nervous system
-sensory neurons
-motor neurones
-effectors

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17
Q

What are receptors ?

A

Cells that detect a stimulus

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18
Q

Order of action in the central nervous system ?

A

1-Stimulus
2-receptor
3-sensory neurone
4-Central nervous system
5-motor neurone
6-effector
7-response

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19
Q

What is a synapses ?

A

The connection between two neurones

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20
Q

What is reflexes ?

A

Rapid, automatic responses to certain stimuli that don’t involve the conscious part of the brain and help prevent injury

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21
Q

A example of how the reflex arc goes through the central nervous system ?
Example:bee stings finger

A

1-Bee stings finger
2-stimulation of the pain receptor
3-impulses travel along the sensory neurone
4-impulses are passes along a relay neurone
5-impulses travel along a motor neurone
6-when impulses reach the muscle it contracts

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22
Q

Reaction time RPA?

24
Q

What are the different areas of the brain and there functions ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cerebral cortex-responsible for consciousness, intelligent, memory and language
Medulla-controls unconscious activity
Cerebellum-responsible for muscle coordination

25
How do scientists study the brain?
-Studying patients with brain damage -electrically stimulating the brain -MRI scans
26
What is the eye ?
Sense organ
27
What are all the parts of the eye and there uses ?
Sclera-tough, supporting wall of the eye Cornea-transparent outer layer, bends light into the eye Iris-controls how much light enters the eye Lens-focus the light into the retina which contains receptors Optic nerve-carries impulses from the receptors to the brain
28
How does the body temperature be kept constant ?
1-temperature receptors detect the temperature 2-thermoregulatory centre acts as a coordinate center as it triggers the effectors 3-effectors produces the response
29
When to hot how does the body temperature change ?
-sweat is produced to transfer energy to the environment -blood vessels supplying the skin dilate so more blood flows close to the surface of the skin this is called vasodilation
30
What does the body do when it’s to cold ?
-hairs stand up to trap an insulating layer of air -no sweat is produced -blood vessels constrict to close off the skins bloody supply which is vasoconstriction -shivering uses respiration which transfer sentry to warm the body
31
What are hormones?
Chemical molecules released directly into the blood
32
Endocrine system and uses
Pituitary gland-produces many hormones that regulate body conditions Ovaries (female only)-produce oestrogen Testes-produces testosterone Thyroid-produces thyroxine Adrenal gland-produces adrenaline Pancreas-produces insulin
33
What is the diffrences between hormones and nerves ?
Nerves are a fast action, act for a very short time and act on a very precise area but hormones are slower action for a long the in a more general way
34
Blood glucose is controlled by ?
Part of homeostasis and insulin and glucose are the two hormones involved
35
What puts glucose into your blood?
Eating foods containing carbohydrates puts glucose (a sugar) into the blood from the gut
36
What happens if the blood glucose level is to high ?
Insulin is added- the process is 1-blood with to much glucose is sent 2-insulin secreted by the pancreas 3-glucose moves from the blood into the liver 4-insulin makes liver turn glucose into glycogen and blood glucose is reduced
37
What is diabetes ?
Makes you unable to control your blood sugar levels
38
What are the diffrences between type 1 and 2 diabetes ?
Type 1 is where the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin so the glucose level can rise , treated through daily injections Type 2 is where a person becomes resistant to their own insulin causing bloody sugar levels to rise, the changes is increased due to weight. Controlled through a carbohydrate controlled diet
39
What happens if blood glucose level is to low ?
Glucagon is added 1-blood with little glucose is ent down 2-the glucagon is secreted by pancreas 3-glucose released into blood by liver 4-glucagon makes liver turn glycogen into glucose
40
What does the kidneys do ?
Acts as filters to “clean the blood” They make urine by taking waste products out your blood, filtration takes out these waste product
41
What is selective reabsorption?
Useful substances are absorbed back into the blood
42
What is removed in urine?
1-urea-excess proteins and ammonia 2-ions-sodium, right amount for the body 3-water-has to be constantly balanced
43
The concentration of urine is conrolled by ?
A hormone called anti-diuretic hormone
44
What are the 2 ways to treat kidney failure?
Regular dialysis Transplant
45
Dialysis is ?
Has to be done regularly to keep it at normal levels and to remove waste substance,
46
The menstrual cycle has 4 stages ?
1-menstruation starts 2-the uterus lining builds up again 3-an egg develops and is released 4-the wall is then maintained
47
The menstrual cycle is controlled by which 4 hormones ?
1-FSH-produced in pituitary gland caused egg to mature, stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen 2-oestrogen-produce in ovaries,uterus grow,stimulates realise of LH 3-LH- produced by pituitary gland, stimulates realise of egg (ovulation) 4-progesterone-produced in ovaries , inhabits realise of LH and FSH
48
What type of hormones can be used to reduce fertility ?
Oestrogen can prevent realise it an egg, a method of contraception
49
What are 4 ways to reduce chance of fertility?
1-contraceptive patch, contains oestrogen and progesterone stuck to the skin 2-contraceptive implant, inserted under the skin continuously realises progesterone which stops ovaries realising eggs 3-contraceptive injections,contains progesterone last for 2-3 months 4-intrauterine device,T shaped inserted into uterus to kill sperm
50
Hormones can increase fertility what are the pros and cons ?
Pro: helps women get pregnant Cons:doesn’t always work and can form to many eggs so multiple pregnancies
51
What is IVF?
In vitro fertilisation, collecting eggs and being mixed with the males sperm in a lab, once they form embryos they are placed back inside the woman
52
What is adrenaline?
A human hormone realsed by adrenal glands realised in stressful situations “fight or flight”
53
What is auxin?
Plant hormone controls growth in response to light and produced in the tips
54
Plant growth response RPA?
1-10 cress seeds in 3 diffrent Petri dishes with moist filter paper 2-shine a light on them all from diffrent directions 3-leave for 1 week to grow Result-grow in the direction to the light

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