Cell Biology

Question 1

What are the 2 type of cells ?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 2

What are eukaryotic cells ?

Answer 2

Complex and include all animal and plant cells

Question 3

What are prokaryotic cells ?

Answer 3

Smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells eg (bacteria)

Question 4

What are all the animal cells subcellular structures ?

Answer 4

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

Question 5

What is a nucleus ?

Answer 5

Genetic material that controls the activity of the cell

Question 6

What is cytoplasm ?

Answer 6

Gel-like substance, where most chemical reactions take place and contains enzymes

Question 7

What is a cell membrane ?

Answer 7

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 8

What is mitochondria ?

Answer 8

These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place

Question 9

What is ribosomes ?

Answer 9

Where proteins are made in the cell

Question 10

What 3 subcellular structures a plant cell has that an animal cell doesn’t ?

Answer 10

Cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplast

Question 11

What does the cell wall do ?

Answer 11

Made of cellulose, and support and strengthens the cell

Question 12

What is a vacuole ?

Answer 12

Contains cell sap and is a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 13

What is chloroplast ?

Answer 13

Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the plant and contains a green substance called chlorophyll

Question 14

What type of cell are bacteria cells ?

Answer 14

Prokaryotes

Question 15

What structural features does a bacteria cell have ?

Answer 15

Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Single circular strand of DNA
Plasmids

Question 16

How are cells studied ?

Answer 16

Microscopes

Question 17

What is the microscope RPA ?

Answer 17

Onion cells test

Question 18

What is differentiation ?

Answer 18

The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 19

Why is sperm cell specialised and what are the changes ?

Answer 19

For reproduction
-Long tail and streamline head to swim to egg
-mitochondria for energy
-enzymes to digest through the egg cell membrane

Question 20

Why is a nerve cell specialised and what changes ?

Answer 20

For rapid signalling
-long and branched connections to connect to the nerve cells

Question 21

Why are muscle cells specialised and what changes ?

Answer 21

For contraction
-king and contains lots of Mitochondria to generate energy for contraction

Question 22

Why are root hair cells specialised and how ?

Answer 22

Absorbing water and minerals
-long hairs to have a large surface area for absorbing water

Question 23

Why are phloem and xylem cells specialised and how ?

Answer 23

Transporting substances
-cells are long and Join end to end

Question 24

3 stages of the cell cycle ?

Answer 24

Growth and DNA replication
Mitosis

Question 26

What is binary fission ?

Answer 26

The cell splits into 2 Circular DNA and plasmids duplicate and the cystoplasm divides into 2

Question 27

Culturing microorganisms RPA ?

Answer 27

Hot agar jelly is poured into Petri dish

Question 28

Area or circle ?

Answer 28

Pie r squared

Question 29

What can embryonic stem cells do ?

Answer 29

Turn into any type of cell

Question 30

Stem cells can be used for what ?

Answer 30

Help cure diseases

Question 31

Why are people against stem cell research?

Answer 31

The human embryos shouldn’t be used at they could potentially be a life

Question 32

What can stem cells in plants do ?

Answer 32

-Produce clones -produce more plants of a rare species -grow crops identical to plants to have desired features

Question 33

Define diffusion ?

Answer 33

The spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 34

The bigger the concentration gradient in diffusion mean what ?

Answer 34

The faster the diffusion rate

Question 35

Define osmosis?

Answer 35

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower concentration of water

Question 36

What happens in the alveoli ?

Answer 36

Gas exchange

Question 37

What makes the alveoli specialised ?

Answer 37

-An enormous surface area -a moist lining -Very thin walls -good blood supply

Question 38

How is villi (inside the small intestine) specialised ?

Answer 38

Digest food into the blood -large surface area -single layer of surface cells -very good blood supply to assist quick absorption

Question 39

What diffuses in and out of the leaf ?

Answer 39

Oxygens and water vapour diffuse out CO2 diffuses into the leaf

Question 40

How are gills specialised ?

Answer 40

Gas exchange surface for fish -gill filaments have large surface area -lamellar increases surface area even more -lamellar also has lots of blood capillaries to speed up diffusion