Infection And Response Flashcards
(37 cards)
Define pathogens ?
Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease
What are the 4 types of pathogens ?
Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Protists
What is bacteria and how does it cause harm ?
Very small cells which can reproduce rapidly
-make you feel ill by producing toxins that damage your cells and tissue
How can a virus cause illness ?
They live inside you cells and replicate themselves
How does fungi cause harm ?
Grow and penetrate human skin and the surface of a plant causing disease
What 3 ways can pathogens be spread ?
Water
Air
Direct contact
What are the 3 viral diseases you need to know ?
HIV
Measles
Tobacco mosaic virus
Measles how is it spread ? What are the effect ? How is it cured ?
-Spread by droplets from an infected person
-red skin rash
-vaccinated from a young age
HIV How does it spread ? What are the effect ? How is it stopped ?
-spread by sexual contact
-flu-like symptoms
-controlled by antiretroviral drugs
Tobacco mosaic virus. How is it spread ? What are the effects ?
-Passes through plants in contract
-causes mosaic pattern in leaves and discolouration making the plant unable to carry out photosynthesis
What is the main fungal disease?
Rose black spot
Rose black spot what are the effect ? How can it be stopped ?
-Causes purple or black spots to develop on leaves
-treated with fungicides and by stripping the plant of its effected leaves
1 main protist disease?
Malaria
Malaria how is it caused ? What are the effect ?how is it protected ?
-By a vector (mosquito)
-causes repeating fever
-protected from mosquitoes by using insecticides and mosquito nets
What are the two main bacterial diseases ?
Salmonella
Gonorrhoea
How does salmonella spread ? What are the effects of salmonella? How to prevent salmonella ?
-caused by eating food that has been contaminated
-causes fever,vomiting
-most chickens and turkeys are given a vaccine
Gonitrhoea how is it spread ? What are the effects ? How is it prevented ?
-through sexual contact
-pain when urinating
-treated by penicillin or used barrier methods
4 ways the strait diseases can be reduced or prevented ?
-being hygienic
-destroying vectors
-isolating infected individuals
-vaccination
What are 2 features outside the human body to stop pathogens ?
Skin as it acts as a barrier
Hairs in the nose trap particles that contain pathogens
What attacks pathogens inside the body ?
The immune system
What are the 3 lines of attack for white blood cells ?
-Engulf foreign cells an digest them
-produce antibodies
-produce antitoxins
How does the white blood cells produce antibodies ?
When white blood cells come across the foreign antigen it will start to produce antibodies to recognise the cells and attack the pathogens
How does a vaccination work ?
-The vaccination has a small amount of dead or inactive pathogen
-Then the antibodies attack the weakened sample
-so when the real pathogen arrives the body already has the antibodies made or knows how to make them to destroy the real pathogen arrives
2 pros and cons of a vaccination ?
Pro-have helped control many communicable diseases,prevents big outbreaks of disease
Con-don’t always work,bad reaction
