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Term 1 (2023-2024) > BIOERG1 > Flashcards

BIOERG1 Flashcards

1
Q

Father of Biomechanics

A

Giovanni Alfonso Borelli

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2
Q

The study and optimization of the interaction between people and their physical environment by considering their physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics.

A

Ergonomics

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3
Q

Introduced the “scientific” study of work

A

Frederick Taylor

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4
Q

Ergonomics comes from _________ and ________.

A

Ergon = work
Nomos = laws
“The laws of work”

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5
Q

Concerns the application of ergonomics principles specifically to the workplace and related tasks.

A

Occupational Ergonomics

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6
Q

Six Pillars of Ergonomic Design

A
  1. User Orientation
  2. Diversity
  3. Effect on Humans
  4. Objective Data
  5. Scientific Method
  6. Systems
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7
Q

Part of the eye that allows for the passage of light into the eye and it also focuses the light

A

Cornea

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8
Q

Part of the eye that acts as the hole where light enters into the eye; black hole in iris

A

Pupil

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9
Q

When the eye needs more light to enter (when it is dark), the pupil becomes _________ .

A

Larger

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10
Q

When the eye needs less light to enter (when it is bright), the pupil becomes _________ .

A

Smaller

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11
Q

Part of the eye that controls light entering; colored part of the eye

A

Iris

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12
Q

A tough white skin (made of tissue) that covers all of the eyeball except the cornea; the white part of the eye

A

Sclera

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13
Q

Part of the eye that allows us to see objects far and near

A

Lens

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14
Q

Part of the eye that converts light to electrical signals

A

Retina

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15
Q

Transmits electrical impulses from the retina to the brain

A

Optic Nerve

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16
Q

The process of focusing on targets at various distances

A

Accommodation

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17
Q

Light falling on a surface.

A

Illuminance

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18
Q

A measure of light reflected from a surface.

A

Luminance

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19
Q

A number which varies from 0 to 1; refers to the fraction of the total radiant flux incident upon a surface

A

Reflectance

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20
Q

Bright points or areas within the field of vision

A

Glare

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21
Q

A device that measures luminance and illuminance

A

Photometer

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22
Q

Unwanted Sound; measured in decibels

A

Noise

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23
Q

A temporary loss of hearing after
exposure to sound; an acute effect of noise

A

Auditory fatigue

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24
Q

Perception of noise or ringing in the ears

A

Tinnitus

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25
The time-weighted energy average of noise levels to which the person is exposed, normalized to an eight-hour working shift
Personal Noise Exposure
26
Three Important Senses in Aviation Human Factors
1. Visual Sense 2. Vestibular Sense 3. Kinesthetic Sense
27
Somatic Senses (Fill in the following): Touch pressure = Temperature = Pain =
Mechano receptor Thermo receptor Noci receptor
28
System of balance, membraneous and boney labyrinth embedded in the petrous bone
Vestibular Sense
29
The (motion) position and movement of the limbs
Kinesthesis
30
An onion-shaped structure of nonneural (connective) tissue built up around the nerve ending that reduces the mechanical sensitivity of the nerve terminal itself
Pacinian corpuscles
31
Caused by machinery vibration passing through the buttocks of seated people or the feet of standing people
Whole Body Vibration
32
Study of human body measurement for use in anthropological classification and comparison. Application of scientific physical measurement methods to human subjects to develop engineering standards.
Anthropometry
33
Sources of Anthropometric Variability
Age Gender Culture Occupation Secular Trends Envionmental
34
Body planes in Anthropometry
1. Sagittal plane - divides the body into left and right 2. Transverse/Axial Plane - divides the body into superior and inferior parts 3. Coronal Plane - divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
35
Leonardo da Vinci’s model of a well- proportioned male
Vitruvian Man
36
True or Flase. In anthropometry, 95th percentile means large people and 5th percentile means small people.
True
37
Make allowance in the design value of the dimension; consider a high percentile
Clearance
38
Usually determined by the smallest person (ex. 5th percentile)
Reach
39
Encompasses the entire work area accessed by a worker when performing a specific task or job cycle.
Workstation
40
A survey for workplaces where work-related upper disorders are reported; assesses the posture mainly the neck, trunk, and upper limbs
RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment)
41
A means to assess posture for risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders; divides the body into segments and scores each segment.
REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment)
42
A type of condition where the musculoskeletal system is affected
Musculoskeletal Disorder
43
Is characterized by an excessive curve of the upper back that forms a hump, and is accompanied by the rounding of shoulders forwards. 
Postural Kyphosis
44
Impingement of the median nerve caused by irritation and swelling of the tendons in the carpal tunnel
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
45
Inflammation of the flexor and extensor tendons surrounding the joint; Affects the wrist and thumb
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis (wrist tendonitis)
46
A portion of the spinal disc pushes outside its normal boundary; cause for extreme back pain.
Herniated Disc
47
Study of physical actions and forces
Mechanics
48
Description of motion (e.g, how fast, how high, etc.) without consideration given to its mass or the forces acting on it.
Kinematics
49
The study of forces associated with motion.
Kinetics
50
Science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces
Biomechanics
51
Refers to those forces that are imposed on the body as a result of gravity acting upon an external object being manipulated by the worker.
External Loads
52
Contributes most to the cumulative trauma of the musculoskeletal system during work.
Internal Loads
53
In the following question: How much torque needs to be produced to move 45 kg when the RA is 0.25 m and the FA is 0.1 meters? What formula should be used to solve the problem?
F x FA = R x RA
54
An equation that aims to assist safety and health practitioners evaluate lifting demands in sagittal plane; can be used by occupational health practitioners to compute weight limits
NIOSH Equation for Lifting
55
Formula for Load Constant (LC)
23 kg (constant)
56
Formula for Hortizontal Multiplier (HM)
25/H; H = horizontal location of the hands from the midpoint between the ankles at the start and end points of the lift.
57
Formula for Vertical Multiplier (VM)
1-(0.003|V-75|); V= vertical location (height) of the hands above the floor at the start and end points of the lift.
58
Formula for Distance Multiplier (DM)
0.82 + (4.5/D); D = vertical distance from the start and end points of the lift (|Destination V - Origin V|)
59
Formula for Angle Multiplier (AM)
1-(0.0032A); A= angle
60
Formula for Lifting Index (LI)
LI = Actual Weight of the Object (W) / Recommended Weight Limit (RWL)
61
Formula for Coupling Multiplier (CM)
Assess it based on how well the person wraps their fingers around the object
62
Formula for Frequency Multiplier (FM)
Refer to the Table with work duration and lifts/ min.
63
Formula for Noise Dose
100 x ( C1/T1 + C2/T2 + ..... Cn/Tn) Cn = Number of hours
64
Formula for Tn
Tn = 8 / 2 ^ ((L- 90)/5)
65
Formula for TWA
16.61 log ( Noise Dose / 100 ) + 90
66
For an 8 hour exposure, the acceptable rage based on NIOSH standards is less than _______ dBA
85

Term 1 (2023-2024) (18 decks)

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