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Term 1 (2023-2024) > BIOERG1 > Flashcards

BIOERG1 Flashcards

1
Q

Father of Biomechanics

A

Giovanni Alfonso Borelli

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2
Q

The study and optimization of the interaction between people and their physical environment by considering their physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics.

A

Ergonomics

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3
Q

Introduced the “scientific” study of work

A

Frederick Taylor

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4
Q

Ergonomics comes from _________ and ________.

A

Ergon = work
Nomos = laws
“The laws of work”

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5
Q

Concerns the application of ergonomics principles specifically to the workplace and related tasks.

A

Occupational Ergonomics

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6
Q

Six Pillars of Ergonomic Design

A
  1. User Orientation
  2. Diversity
  3. Effect on Humans
  4. Objective Data
  5. Scientific Method
  6. Systems
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7
Q

Part of the eye that allows for the passage of light into the eye and it also focuses the light

A

Cornea

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8
Q

Part of the eye that acts as the hole where light enters into the eye; black hole in iris

A

Pupil

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9
Q

When the eye needs more light to enter (when it is dark), the pupil becomes _________ .

A

Larger

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10
Q

When the eye needs less light to enter (when it is bright), the pupil becomes _________ .

A

Smaller

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11
Q

Part of the eye that controls light entering; colored part of the eye

A

Iris

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12
Q

A tough white skin (made of tissue) that covers all of the eyeball except the cornea; the white part of the eye

A

Sclera

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13
Q

Part of the eye that allows us to see objects far and near

A

Lens

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14
Q

Part of the eye that converts light to electrical signals

A

Retina

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15
Q

Transmits electrical impulses from the retina to the brain

A

Optic Nerve

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16
Q

The process of focusing on targets at various distances

A

Accommodation

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17
Q

Light falling on a surface.

A

Illuminance

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18
Q

A measure of light reflected from a surface.

A

Luminance

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19
Q

A number which varies from 0 to 1; refers to the fraction of the total radiant flux incident upon a surface

A

Reflectance

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20
Q

Bright points or areas within the field of vision

A

Glare

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21
Q

A device that measures luminance and illuminance

A

Photometer

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22
Q

Unwanted Sound; measured in decibels

A

Noise

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23
Q

A temporary loss of hearing after
exposure to sound; an acute effect of noise

A

Auditory fatigue

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24
Q

Perception of noise or ringing in the ears

A

Tinnitus

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25
Q

The time-weighted energy average of
noise levels to which the person is exposed, normalized to an eight-hour
working shift

A

Personal Noise Exposure

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26
Q

Three Important Senses in Aviation Human Factors

A
  1. Visual Sense
  2. Vestibular Sense
  3. Kinesthetic Sense
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27
Q

Somatic Senses (Fill in the following):
Touch pressure =
Temperature =
Pain =

A

Mechano receptor
Thermo receptor
Noci receptor

28
Q

System of balance, membraneous and boney labyrinth embedded in the petrous bone

A

Vestibular Sense

29
Q

The (motion) position
and movement of
the limbs

A

Kinesthesis

30
Q

An onion-shaped
structure of nonneural
(connective) tissue
built up around the
nerve ending that
reduces the mechanical
sensitivity of the nerve
terminal itself

A

Pacinian corpuscles

31
Q

Caused by machinery vibration
passing through the buttocks of seated
people or the feet of standing people

A

Whole Body Vibration

32
Q

Study of human body measurement for use in anthropological classification and
comparison. Application of scientific physical measurement methods to human subjects to develop
engineering standards.

A

Anthropometry

33
Q

Sources of Anthropometric Variability

A

Age
Gender
Culture
Occupation
Secular Trends
Envionmental

34
Q

Body planes in Anthropometry

A
  1. Sagittal plane - divides the body into left and right
  2. Transverse/Axial Plane - divides the body into superior and inferior parts
  3. Coronal Plane - divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
35
Q

Leonardo da Vinci’s
model of a well-
proportioned male

A

Vitruvian Man

36
Q

True or Flase. In anthropometry, 95th
percentile means large people and 5th percentile means small people.

A

True

37
Q

Make allowance in the design value
of the dimension; consider a high percentile

A

Clearance

38
Q

Usually determined by the smallest
person (ex. 5th percentile)

A

Reach

39
Q

Encompasses the entire
work area accessed by
a worker when
performing a specific
task or job cycle.

A

Workstation

40
Q

A survey for workplaces where work-related upper disorders are reported; assesses the posture mainly the neck, trunk, and upper limbs

A

RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment)

41
Q

A means to assess posture for risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders; divides the body into segments and scores each segment.

A

REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment)

42
Q

A type of condition where the musculoskeletal system is affected

A

Musculoskeletal Disorder

43
Q

Is characterized by an excessive curve of the upper back that forms a hump, and is accompanied by the rounding of shoulders forwards.

A

Postural Kyphosis

44
Q

Impingement of the median nerve caused by irritation and swelling of the tendons in the carpal tunnel

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

45
Q

Inflammation of the flexor and extensor tendons surrounding the joint; Affects the wrist and thumb

A

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis (wrist tendonitis)

46
Q

A portion of the spinal disc pushes outside its normal boundary; cause for extreme back pain.

A

Herniated Disc

47
Q

Study of physical actions and forces

A

Mechanics

48
Q

Description of motion (e.g, how fast, how high, etc.) without consideration given to its mass or the forces acting on it.

A

Kinematics

49
Q

The study of forces associated with motion.

A

Kinetics

50
Q

Science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces

A

Biomechanics

51
Q

Refers to those forces that are imposed on the body as a result of gravity acting upon an external object being manipulated by the worker.

A

External Loads

52
Q

Contributes most to the cumulative trauma of the musculoskeletal system during work.

A

Internal Loads

53
Q

In the following question:
How much torque needs to be produced to move 45 kg when the RA is 0.25 m and the FA is 0.1 meters?

What formula should be used to solve the problem?

A

F x FA = R x RA

54
Q

An equation that aims to assist safety
and health practitioners evaluate
lifting demands in sagittal plane; can be used by occupational health practitioners to compute weight limits

A

NIOSH Equation for Lifting

55
Q

Formula for Load Constant (LC)

A

23 kg (constant)

56
Q

Formula for Hortizontal Multiplier (HM)

A

25/H; H = horizontal location of the hands from the midpoint between the ankles at the start and end points of the lift.

57
Q

Formula for Vertical Multiplier (VM)

A

1-(0.003|V-75|); V= vertical location
(height) of the hands above the floor at the start and end points of the lift.

58
Q

Formula for Distance Multiplier (DM)

A

0.82 + (4.5/D); D = vertical
distance from the start and end points of the lift (|Destination V - Origin V|)

59
Q

Formula for Angle Multiplier (AM)

A

1-(0.0032A); A= angle

60
Q

Formula for Lifting Index (LI)

A

LI = Actual Weight of the Object (W) / Recommended Weight Limit (RWL)

61
Q

Formula for Coupling Multiplier (CM)

A

Assess it based on how well the person wraps their fingers around the object

62
Q

Formula for Frequency Multiplier (FM)

A

Refer to the Table with work duration and lifts/ min.

63
Q

Formula for Noise Dose

A

100 x ( C1/T1 + C2/T2 + ….. Cn/Tn)

Cn = Number of hours

64
Q

Formula for Tn

A

Tn = 8 / 2 ^ ((L- 90)/5)

65
Q

Formula for TWA

A

16.61 log ( Noise Dose / 100 ) + 90

66
Q

For an 8 hour exposure, the acceptable rage based on NIOSH standards is less than _______ dBA

A

85

Term 1 (2023-2024) (18 decks)

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