Bioethics Flashcards
(18 cards)
What tends to require ethical review
Research on poeple, the greater potential for harm on people / animals, the more issues raised and greater requirement for ethical reasoning
Nurembug Trials
nuremburg code led to declaration of helinski, introducing consent, avoiding suffering, etc
What are the 4 elements of consent
Competence / capacity
Information
Voluntariness
Decision
What is meant by competence / capacity
The ability to make the decision by themselves.
What age can they give their consent?
Should kids with learning difficulties be making decisions?
What is meant by information
The patient needs to know everything about what they are involving themselves with
What is meant by voltariness / decision
Should be under no pressure, no forcing patient to say yes.
They should be able to change their mind.
Is it fair to pay them to take part?
HeLa Cells
Henrietta Lacks in 1951 had cervical cancer cells taken from her without her knowledge or consent, infected them with HPV to immortalise them, and since these cells have revolutionised cell culture and saved thousands of patients due to development of polio vaccine
Note
Consent of proof is very important
Bristol Heart Scandal
Human Tissue Act
Confidentiality?
Study design
bad science is bad ethics, are there other better methods, if results are unreliable should the thing be done? Equipoise
Andrew Wakefield
Animal Experimentation
Animal welfare and rights
3 Rs of use of animals in experiments
Cloning
Dual Use Problem
