BIOLEC MIDTERMS: intro Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
It is derived from the word bios and logos which means study of life.
A
Biology
2
Q
Bios means
A
Life
3
Q
Logos means
A
study of
4
Q
This are non-living things.
Ex. Environment, Water, Air Sun, Soil, and Temperature
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Abiotic
5
Q
These are living things.
Ex. People, Animals, Plants
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Biotic
6
Q
He is an anatomist and physician, he studied human anatomy and the one wrote the book “The Fabrica”
A
Andreas Vesalius (1543)
7
Q
He was the one who recognized the circulation of blood in human body around 1628
A
William Harvey (1628)
8
Q
He studied the blood capillaries and tiny blood vessels connecting arteries and veins.
A
Marcello Malpighi (1661)
9
Q
He discovered the cell through his observation of cor. He described these tiny matters that are monastery-like which he later then call it “Cell”.
A
Robert Hooke (1665)
10
Q
Robert Hooke wrote this book which filled with drawings and description of organisms that he viewed under the recently invented microscope.
A
Micrographia
11
Q
He was the one who invented the microscope. He called the tiny objects he observed–“animalcules”
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1674)
12
Q
He was a zoologist that coined the word “metabolism” and he discovered pepsin, the thing that breaks down the protein. He discovered the animal cells.
A
Theodore Schwann
13
Q
He is a botanist that discovered the plant cell.
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Matthias Schleiden
14
Q
He lay the groundwork of cellular pathology or the study of disease at the cellular level. He stated the phrase “omnis cellula e cellula”
A
Rudolf Virchow
15
Q
Proponent of Homeostasis
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Bernard Claude (1858)
16
Q
Proponent of Theory of Evolution
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Charles Darwin
17
Q
The Father of Genetics. He discovered the trait inheritance
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Gregor Mendel
18
Q
She revealed the double helix of DNA through Photo 51
A
Rosalind Franklin
19
Q
He showed X-diffraction images of DNA
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Maurice Wilkins
20
Q
They played a crucial role in the discovery of molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), led to identification of structure of DNA in 1953.
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James Watson & Francis Crick
21
Q
Proponent of Biogenesis
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Louis Pasteur
22
Q
Enumerate the steps of Scientific Method
A
1) Observation
2) Question
3) Hypothesis
4) Experiment
5) Data Collection
6) Analysis
7) Conclusion
8) Communication
23
Q
You use your senses in order to see something interesting or unusual.
A
Observation
24
Q
Making an educated guess or prediction that can be tested.
A
Hypothesis
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Interpreting the data to see if it supports the hypothesis
Analysis
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Stating the outcome and what was learned
Conclusion
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Asking a specific question based on the observation
Question/Inquiries
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Testing hypothesis through controlled investigation
Experiment
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Sharing result with others through reports, presentations, or publication
Communication
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Gathering and recording result from the experiment
Data Collection
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Is passed through chromosomes found inside the nucleus
Cell Information
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This branch is the study of individual cells. It is used for early detection, screening, and digital diagnosis.
Cytology
33
Doctor screens for cervical cancer through pap smear.
Cytology
34
Studies the cell and microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. This provides a clearer picture of diagnosis to refine treatment decisions.
Histology
35
Woman has breast lump, showing that the lump is benign.
Cytology
36
Persistent cough was examined through sputum ____________?
Cytology
37
Suspicious mole, an expert confirms melanoma, enabling early treatment.
Histology
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Checks for tissue rejection, guiding medication adjustments.
Histology
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The study of genes.
Genetics
40
Infertility couple, reveals chromosomal abnormality, guiding reproductive options.
Genetics
41
The scientific study of the body's internal structure. It Examines internal structures and their relationships (e.g., organs, systems).
Anatomy
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Skin Biopsy reveals melanoma, leading to removal recommendation.
Morphology
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Frequent miscarriages, this reveals abnormalities, diagnosing reproductive disorder.
Histology
44
Newborn with developmental delays, confirms Down syndrome, enabling early intervention.
Genetics
45
Chest pain exam reveals blocked artery, requiring immediate surgery.
Anatomy
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Liver disease, an expert confirm cirrhosis, aiding treatment decisions.
Histology
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Woman’s body exam finds herniated discs, guiding treatment (physical therapy or surgery).
Anatomy
48
Expert detects abnormal RBCs, diagnosing sickle cell anemia.
Morphology
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Typically focuses on the structure and form of cells, tissues, and organs to help diagnose conditions. (e.g., the shape of a cell, the body of an organism).
Morphology
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Woman with family history of breast cancer, reveals high risk, leading to preventive measures.
Genetics
51
Football player, this branch of biology assesses ligament and tendon damage, guiding rehab or surgery.
Anatomy
52
Key Difference of Morphology, Cytology, and Histology
Morphology is about the overall shape and structure inside or outside
➤ The shape of a fish's fin or the structure of a leaf.
Cytology cells, including their structure and function.
➤ Looking at red blood cells under a microscope.
Histology
tissues (groups of cells working together).
➤ Examining muscle or skin tissue sections.
53
Is the study of change in biological characteristics.
Evolution
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Focuses on studying microorganisms and how they affect health, environment, and ecosystem. (bacteria, viruses, and parasites)
Microbiology
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Is the branch of microbiology that focuses on the study of fungi, including yeast, molds, and mushrooms
Mycology
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Is the branch of microbiology that focuses on the study of viruses and viral diseases.
Virology
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Is the branch of zoology that focuses on the study of birds, including their behavior, physiology, evolution, ecology, and conservation.
Ornithology
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(also known as crustacean biology) is the branch of zoology that studies crustaceans, such as crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and crayfish. It involves researching their anatomy, behavior, ecology, evolution, and conservation.
Carcinology
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Flu symptoms confirm influenza, guiding antiviral treatment.
Virology
60
Bacterial strain identified, guiding infection control measures.
Microbiology
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Darker coloration evolved for camouflage due to pollution, showing adaptive changes.
Evolution
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Scientists study the decline of woodpeckers in a deforested area and recommend reforestation to restore their habitat.
Ornithology
63
Red king crab outcompetes natives, leading to population management efforts.
Carcinology
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Candida albicans infection confirmed, requiring antifungal treatment.
Mycology
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Newborn diagnosed rotavirus infection, expert recommend vaccination for prevention.
Virology
66
Fungal infection found in soil, microbiologists recommend treatment.
Microbiology
67
Beak shapes evolved based on food sources, demonstrating natural selection.
Evolution
68
New antibiotic: Penicillium strain discovered, leading to improved medicine.
Mycology
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Fisheries management: Overfishing depletes blue crab populations, prompting sustainable harvest limits.
Carcinology
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Climate change impact: Rising ocean temperatures disrupt lobster molting, increasing predation risk.
Carcinology
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Experts track penguin populations in Antarctica and find that rising temperatures are reducing their breeding grounds.
Ornithology
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Stomach infection: Expert detect H. pylori, leading to antibiotic treatment for ulcers.
Microbiology
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Isolated ants: Genetic drift and environmental pressures led to speciation.
Evolution
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COVID-19 outbreak: Virus genome sequenced to track mutations and aid vaccine development.
Virology
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Crop disease: Fusarium fungus detected in soil, damaging plant roots.
Mycology
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Is the principle that living organisms arise only from preexisting life and not from non-living matter. This concept, supported by Louis Pasteur’s experiments, disproved the earlier theory of spontaneous generation.
Biogenesis
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is the process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It is essential for survival and proper functioning. Originally discovered by Bernard Claude.
Homeostasis
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Bacterial cell division: Binary fission observed, confirming bacteria arise from pre-existing cells.
Biogenesis
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Body Temperature Regulation: Sweating cools the body in heat, while shivering generates warmth in cold conditions, maintaining a stable internal temperature.
Homeostasis
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Water Balance: Kidneys retain water when dehydrated, reducing urine output, and release more urine when hydrated to maintain fluid balance.
Homeostasis
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Multicellular reproduction: Frog egg development into tadpoles shows life originates from life.
Biogenesis
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Blood Sugar Control: Insulin is released after eating to lower blood sugar, and glucagon is released when sugar levels drop to raise them, keeping glucose balanced.
Homeostasis
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This refers to the process by which organisms increase in size, mass, and complexity over time. It involves both the development of new cells and the increase in cell size.
Growth
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This is the process where energy formation and the sum of all chemical reactions. These processes allow organisms to convert food into energy, build and repair tissues, and regulate body functions.
Metabolism
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It refers to the ability of an organism or cell to respond to stimuli from its environment. It is essential for survival, as it enables organisms to quickly react to potential threats or changes in their environment.
Irritability
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It refers to the process by which an organism becomes better suited to its environment through evolutionary changes. These changes can be structural, behavioral, or physiological, helping the organism survive, reproduce, and thrive in its specific habitat.
Adaptation
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Is the biological process by which organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of their species. Development refers to the process by which an organism grows and matures, from fertilization to the adult form.
Reproduction
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In biology refers to the hierarchical structure of living organisms, from the smallest unit (cells) to the most complex (organisms). This organization ensures that all parts of an organism function together to maintain life processes.
Organization
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It refers to the detailed chemical makeup of a substance, like how lipids form cell membranes and glycocalyx helps cells recognize each other.
Definite chemical information
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It refers to the specific physical traits offspring inherit from their parents, following a predictable pattern based on genetic information, aligning with the species' characteristic morphology.
Definite form and shape
91
Sperm fertilizes an egg, forming a zygote that develops into an embryo, fetus, and eventually a newborn.
Reproduction
92
Chameleons change color to blend into their environment, avoiding predators— a behavioral and physiological adaptation.
Adaptation
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A representation of the elements in a compound and their ratios (e.g., C6H12O6 is glucose, with 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms).
Definite Chemical Information
94
A puppy inherits traits like coat color, body size, and ear shape from its parents through genetic material.
Definite form and shape
95
Enumerate the Hierarchical Structure of Living Organisms
1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Cell
4. Tissue
5. Organ
6. Organ System
7. Organism
8. Population
9. Ecosystem
10. Biosphere
96
A butterfly begins as an egg, hatches into a caterpillar, and undergoes metamorphosis to become an adult, demonstrating both characteristics as it lays eggs to restart the cycle.
Reproduction
97
Plant Response to Light: Plants grow toward light (phototropism) to maximize energy for photosynthesis.
Irritability
98
Bones and muscles grow rapidly in childhood and adolescence through cell division and protein synthesis.
Growth
99
Fat Storage and Burning - body stores excess calories as fat. During fasting or exercise, the body burns stored fat to release energy.
Metabolism
100
The muscle cells build proteins from amino acids to repair and grow
Metabolism
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Builds
Anabolic Metabolism
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Breaks down
Catabolic Metabolism
103
Seedling absorbs water and nutrients, growing through cell division and elongation, influenced by light, water, and soil.
Growth
104
The body automatically pulls away from hot objects, a reflex to pain stimuli.
Irritability
105
Animal Response to Sound: A rabbit jumps at loud sounds, an instinctive reaction to potential danger.
Irritability
106
After eating, the body breaks down the food into glucose.
Metabolism
107
Wound Healing: Cells near the injury site divide and grow to repair the skin, restoring its integrity.
Growth
108
Bacterium divides by binary fission into two identical cells, reproducing without a mate, with new cells developing as they grow and divide.
Reproduction
109
Plant Response to Light: Plants grow toward light (phototropism) to maximize energy for photosynthesis.
Irritability
110
Birds like swallows migrate to warmer regions in winter to find food and avoid harsh weather— a behavioral adaptation.
Homeostasis
111
Plants absorb carbon dioxide and water, producing glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis for energy and growth.
Assimilation
112
Molecular Composition – The types and numbers of atoms in a molecule (e.g., H2O is water, consisting of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom).
Definite Chemical Information
113
The digestive system breaks down food into simple molecules, which are absorbed into the bloodstream for energy and tissue growth.
Assimilation
114
Seedlings grow with specific traits like leaf structure and root system, determined by genetic information in the seed.
Definite form and shape
115
A representation of the elements in a compound and their ratios (e.g., C6H12O6 is glucose, with 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms).
Definite Chemical Information
116
Plants absorb nitrate from the soil and convert it into amino acids and proteins, essential for growth and development.
Assimilation
117
A baby inherits physical traits such as eye color, hair texture, and height from both parents through genetic inheritance
Definite form and shape
